@article{f2b15e771c7c48588c17ffb90f9eb4be,
title = "Three-dimensional tracking of microbeads attached to the tip of single isolated tracheal cilia beating under external load",
abstract = "To study the properties of tracheal cilia beating under various conditions, we developed a method to monitor the movement of the ciliary tip. One end of a demembranated cilium was immobilized on the glass surface, while the other end was capped with a polystyrene bead and tracked in three dimensions. The cilium, when activated by ATP, stably repeated asymmetric beating as in vivo. The tip of a cilium in effective and recovery strokes moved in discrete trajectories that differed in height. The trajectory remained asymmetric in highly viscous solutions. Model calculation showed that cilia maintained a constant net flux during one beat cycle irrespective of the medium viscosity. When the bead attached to the end was trapped with optical tweezers, it came to display linear oscillation only in the longitudinal direction. Such a beating-mode transition may be an inherent nature of movement-restricted cilia.",
author = "Katoh, {Takanobu A.} and Koji Ikegami and Nariya Uchida and Toshihito Iwase and Daisuke Nakane and Tomoko Masaike and Mitsutoshi Setou and Takayuki Nishizaka",
note = "Funding Information: We thank R. Kamiya for critical discussion in preparation of the manuscript. This study was supported in part by the Funding Program for Next-Generation World-Leading Researchers Grant LR033 (to T.N.) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas ({\textquoteleft}Fluctuation & Structure{\textquoteright} of JSPS KAKENHI grant nos. JP26103527 and JP16H00808 to T.N. and JP26103502 and JP16H00792 to N.U.; {\textquoteleft}Cilia & Centrosomes{\textquoteright} of grant no. JP87003306 to T.N. and JP25113524 to T.M.; {\textquoteleft}Motility Machinery{\textquoteright} of grant no. JP24117002 to T.N. and grant no. JP15H01316 to K.I.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and by JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP15H04364 to T.N.). T.A.K is a recipient of a JSPS Fellowship for Japan Junior Scientists (no. JP17J10577). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, The Author(s).",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-018-33846-5",
language = "English",
volume = "8",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}