TY - JOUR
T1 - The unique type Ib supernova 2005bf at nebular phases
T2 - A possible birth event of a strongly magnetized neutron star
AU - Maeda, K.
AU - Tanaka, M.
AU - Nomoto, K.
AU - Tominaga, N.
AU - Kawabata, K.
AU - Mazzali, P. A.
AU - Umeda, H.
AU - Suzuki, T.
AU - Hattori, T.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - Late-phase nebular spectra and photometry of Type Ib Supernova (SN) 2005bf taken by the Subaru telescope at ∼270 and ∼310 days since the explosion are presented. Emission lines ([O I] λλ6300, 6363; [Ca II] λλ7291, 7324; and [Fe II] λ7155) show a blueshift of ∼1500-2000 km s-1. The [O I] doublet shows a doubly peaked profile. The line luminosities can be interpreted as coming from a blob or jet containing only ∼0.1-0.4 M⊙, in which ∼0.02-0.06 M ⊙ is 56Ni synthesized at the explosion. To explain the blueshift, the blob should either be unipolar, moving at the center-of-mass velocity v ∼ 2000-5000 km s_1, or suffer from self-absorption within the ejecta, as seen in SN 19901. In both interpretations, the low-mass blob component dominates the optical output both at the first peak (∼20 days) and at the late phase (∼300 days). The low luminosity at the late phase (the absolute R magnitude MR ∼ -10.2 mag at ∼270 days) sets the upper limit for the mass of 56Ni ≲ 0.08 M ⊙, which is in contradiction to the value necessary to explain the second, main peak luminosity (MR ∼ -18.3 mag at ∼40 days). Encountered by this difficulty in the 56Ni heating model, we suggest an alternative scenario in which the heating source is a newly born, strongly magnetized neutron star (a magnetar) with the surface magnetic field Bmag ∼ 1014-1015 G and the initial spin period P0 ∼ 10 ms. Then, SN 2005bf could be a link between normal SNe Ib/c and an X-ray flash associated SN 2006aj, connected in terms of B mag and/or P0.
AB - Late-phase nebular spectra and photometry of Type Ib Supernova (SN) 2005bf taken by the Subaru telescope at ∼270 and ∼310 days since the explosion are presented. Emission lines ([O I] λλ6300, 6363; [Ca II] λλ7291, 7324; and [Fe II] λ7155) show a blueshift of ∼1500-2000 km s-1. The [O I] doublet shows a doubly peaked profile. The line luminosities can be interpreted as coming from a blob or jet containing only ∼0.1-0.4 M⊙, in which ∼0.02-0.06 M ⊙ is 56Ni synthesized at the explosion. To explain the blueshift, the blob should either be unipolar, moving at the center-of-mass velocity v ∼ 2000-5000 km s_1, or suffer from self-absorption within the ejecta, as seen in SN 19901. In both interpretations, the low-mass blob component dominates the optical output both at the first peak (∼20 days) and at the late phase (∼300 days). The low luminosity at the late phase (the absolute R magnitude MR ∼ -10.2 mag at ∼270 days) sets the upper limit for the mass of 56Ni ≲ 0.08 M ⊙, which is in contradiction to the value necessary to explain the second, main peak luminosity (MR ∼ -18.3 mag at ∼40 days). Encountered by this difficulty in the 56Ni heating model, we suggest an alternative scenario in which the heating source is a newly born, strongly magnetized neutron star (a magnetar) with the surface magnetic field Bmag ∼ 1014-1015 G and the initial spin period P0 ∼ 10 ms. Then, SN 2005bf could be a link between normal SNe Ib/c and an X-ray flash associated SN 2006aj, connected in terms of B mag and/or P0.
KW - Radiative transfer
KW - Supernovae: general
KW - Supernovae: individual (SN 2005bf)
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U2 - 10.1086/520054
DO - 10.1086/520054
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:35348849578
VL - 666
SP - 1069
EP - 1082
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
SN - 0004-637X
IS - 2 I
ER -