Particle simulation of relativistic charged beams using integral kernel method

A three-dimensional particle simulation scheme has been developed and applied to the study of relativistic charged particle beams. To simulate the nonlinear behaviors of beam electrons with self-induced space-charge effects, it simultaneously solves the canonical equations of motion and the integrated Maxwell equations of radiated waves for each particle. Verifications of this algorithm show that calculations for the retarded structure of radiated waves dominate the total throughput, and the near-field approximation to the calculations of space- charge potentials improves its numerical efficiency. The code has been applied to a simulation of the Raman regime free-electron laser (FEL) to demonstrate that this scheme simulates the parametric amplification of FEL properly and is suitable for relativistic treatments of such wave-particle resonances.