TY - JOUR
T1 - Ocean warming combined with nutrient enrichment increases the risk of herbivory during cultivation of the marine macroalga Undaria Pinnatifida
AU - Endo, Hikaru
AU - Sato, Yoichi
AU - Kaneko, Kenji
AU - Takahashi, Daisuke
AU - Nagasawa, Kazue
AU - Okumura, Yutaka
AU - Agatsuma, Yukio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
PY - 2021/1/1
Y1 - 2021/1/1
N2 - Recent declines of macroalgal forests due to climate change imply that the aquaculture production of macroalgae may also be negatively affected by ocean warming. It has previously been shown that nutrient enrichment can offset the negative impact of warming on the survival and growth of the cultivated macroalga Undaria pinnatifida, although it can also increase the risk of herbivory by unrecognized mesograzers. Observations of several hundreds or thousands of the isopod Cymodocea japonica around U. pinnatifida cultivation ropes in autumn, prompted the analysis of their size-frequency distribution, relationship between body size and consumption rate, and combined effects of elevated temperature and nutrient enrichment on the consumption rate of the algae by the isopod in the current study. Although the body size of the isopods collected in autumn was smaller than those collected in winter and spring, the consumption rate of 600 small isopods was similar to the rate of a large individual. Additionally, the consumption rate doubled in response to an increase in temperature from 15 to 18°C and nutrient enrichment, and tripled with their combination. These results suggest that ocean warming combined with nutrient enrichment increase the risk of herbivory during U. pinnatifida cultivation, especially during isopod outbreak periods.
AB - Recent declines of macroalgal forests due to climate change imply that the aquaculture production of macroalgae may also be negatively affected by ocean warming. It has previously been shown that nutrient enrichment can offset the negative impact of warming on the survival and growth of the cultivated macroalga Undaria pinnatifida, although it can also increase the risk of herbivory by unrecognized mesograzers. Observations of several hundreds or thousands of the isopod Cymodocea japonica around U. pinnatifida cultivation ropes in autumn, prompted the analysis of their size-frequency distribution, relationship between body size and consumption rate, and combined effects of elevated temperature and nutrient enrichment on the consumption rate of the algae by the isopod in the current study. Although the body size of the isopods collected in autumn was smaller than those collected in winter and spring, the consumption rate of 600 small isopods was similar to the rate of a large individual. Additionally, the consumption rate doubled in response to an increase in temperature from 15 to 18°C and nutrient enrichment, and tripled with their combination. These results suggest that ocean warming combined with nutrient enrichment increase the risk of herbivory during U. pinnatifida cultivation, especially during isopod outbreak periods.
KW - interaction between global and local stressors
KW - invasive seaweed
KW - kelp
KW - non-additive effect
KW - plant-herbivore interactions
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U2 - 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa069
DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa069
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85092335188
VL - 78
SP - 402
EP - 409
JO - ICES Journal of Marine Science
JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science
SN - 1054-3139
IS - 1
ER -