TY - JOUR
T1 - Membranes in non-aqueous redox flow battery
T2 - A review
AU - Yuan, Jiashu
AU - Pan, Zheng Ze
AU - Jin, Yun
AU - Qiu, Qianyuan
AU - Zhang, Cuijuan
AU - Zhao, Yicheng
AU - Li, Yongdan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21636007 ) and the Start-up Package of T10108 Professorship offered by Aalto University to Y. Li under contract number 911619 . J. Yuan and Q. Qiu acknowledge the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201906250030 and 201906150314 ). Z.-Z. Pan acknowledges the financial support of the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 324414 ).
Funding Information:
Xi et al. [126] reported a carbon coated composite membrane used in the Li/Br hybrid NARFB, which is based on Br2/Br− and Li+/Li as active redox pairs, LiTFSI as supporting electrolyte, and DOL and DME (volumetric ratio of 1:1) as the solvent. Expanded graphite and activated carbon were mixed with Nafion isopropanol solution, then the solution was sprayed onto the surface of the Daramic HP-200 support to form carbon coated composite membrane. Due to the higher surface area of the carbon phases, the charge transfer resistance of the battery was reduced, from 418.9 to 35.6 Ω cm2. Their battery displayed a CE 90% and an EE 80% at current density of 1.0 mA cm−2 after continuously cycling for more than 1000 times.Metal-organic framework (MOF), assembled with inorganic central metallic atoms and organic ligands, possesses regular micropores and high porosity [127], and has been applied for many separation purposes. Yuan et al. [116] reported a 2D MOF nanosheets-modified Celgard membrane via a simple infiltration method, i.e. the ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets dispersion, which was synthesized by sonication exfoliation, were filtrated on the surface of Celgard 2325 support. Most active species are blocked by the MOF layer; a small portion can go through the stacked layer via the zigzag paths between the MOF nanosheets. The supporting electrolyte ions can not only pass through the MOF interlayer spaces formed by the nanosheets assembling, but also the intracrystalline MOF pores, i.e., via the shorter transport channels. The NARFB based on Fe(acac)3 and Fc1N112-TFSI in tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide/acetonitrile constructed with their composite membrane exhibited much higher CE (91.0% vs 82.9%) without much compromise on VE (93.7% vs 94.2%), at a larger average discharge capacity (1.30 vs 0.86 Ah L−1) compared with the pristine Celgard membrane at j = 4 mA cm−2. The NARFB used the same electrolytes but used a Daramic 250 membrane exhibited a CE of 88.3% [79].As the name implies, pore-filling is realized by filling an ion selective functional component, possible both with inorganic and organic materials into the pores of a porous substrate, thus improves the ionic selectivity. As aforementioned, Kim et al. [78] have further improved their membrane with letting diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDA)/urushi viscous solution penetrates into the pores of the Celgard 2400 support and polymerizes inside the pores (defined this membrane as polyDDA/urushi). With the polyDDA/urushi pore-filled Celgard 2400 membrane, the CE and EE of the Fe(BiPy)3(BF4)2/Ni(BiPy)3(BF4)2 NARFB in TEABF4/propylene carbonate reached 90.7% and 76.2%, respectively, at j = 0.5 mA cm−2, which are higher than that of FAP-450 membranes, as shown in Fig. 5d. They also confirmed the positive contributions of both the Celgard 2400 and the urushi network to the mechanical strength as demonstrated in Fig. 5e. The results indicate that the presence of the chemically stable urushi in the composite membrane reduced the crossover contamination, while maintaining chemical and mechanical stability.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21636007) and the Start-up Package of T10108 Professorship offered by Aalto University to Y. Li under contract number 911619. J. Yuan and Q. Qiu acknowledge the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201906250030 and 201906150314). Z.-Z. Pan acknowledges the financial support of the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 324414).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/7/15
Y1 - 2021/7/15
N2 - Redox flow battery (RFB) is promising in grid-scale energy storage, and potentially applicable for facilitating the harvest of the intermittent renewable power sources, like wind and solar, and stabilizing the power grid. Early RFBs are based on aqueous electrolytes and the all-vanadium as well as Zn/Br systems have been demonstrated in close commercial scale. Non-aqueous RFBs (NARFBs) are the second-generation flow batteries based on organic solvent which have potentially much wider electrochemical window, and thus possible much higher energy density, and temperature window than those of the aqueous systems. As a crucial component of NARFBs, the membrane serves to prevent the crossover of the positive and negative active species whilst facilitating the transfer of the supporting electrolyte ions. However, the membranes utilized in the state-of-the-art publications still need great improvements in performance. In this article, the fundamentals, classifications, and performances of the membranes in NARFB are introduced. The recent progresses and challenges on the innovation of NARFB membranes are summarized. A perspective on the near future developments of NARFB membranes are presented. The composite membranes are likely the promising direction to forward the development of the NARFB technologies.
AB - Redox flow battery (RFB) is promising in grid-scale energy storage, and potentially applicable for facilitating the harvest of the intermittent renewable power sources, like wind and solar, and stabilizing the power grid. Early RFBs are based on aqueous electrolytes and the all-vanadium as well as Zn/Br systems have been demonstrated in close commercial scale. Non-aqueous RFBs (NARFBs) are the second-generation flow batteries based on organic solvent which have potentially much wider electrochemical window, and thus possible much higher energy density, and temperature window than those of the aqueous systems. As a crucial component of NARFBs, the membrane serves to prevent the crossover of the positive and negative active species whilst facilitating the transfer of the supporting electrolyte ions. However, the membranes utilized in the state-of-the-art publications still need great improvements in performance. In this article, the fundamentals, classifications, and performances of the membranes in NARFB are introduced. The recent progresses and challenges on the innovation of NARFB membranes are summarized. A perspective on the near future developments of NARFB membranes are presented. The composite membranes are likely the promising direction to forward the development of the NARFB technologies.
KW - Composite membranes
KW - Dense membranes
KW - Energy storage
KW - Non-aqueous redox flow battery
KW - Porous membranes
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229983
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229983
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85107428694
VL - 500
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
SN - 0378-7753
M1 - 229983
ER -
