@article{4274883056a04e4a86fd05a4ab48606d,
title = "Functional traits divergence in parallelly evolved rheophytic populations of solidago virgaurea l. Complex (asteraceae) in japan",
abstract = "Repeated adaptation to similar environments can lead to divergence of phenotypes in different populations. Such evolutionary changes sometimes result in incongruence between morphology and molecular phylogeny, for which careful biological investigation is required. Natural phenotypic variation in rheophytic populations of the Solidago virgaurea L. complex (Asteraceae), which evolved multiple times from ancestral dryland forms in Japan, are here reported. Common garden experiments and population genetic analysis were used to evaluate the extent to which parallelly evolved rheophytes diverged in morphological, phenological and genotypic features to understand their complex evolutionary history. Significant divergence among rheophytic populations was detected in multiple traits, even in leaf morphological traits, which are similarly subjected to purifying selection by water pressure in riparian habitats. Whereas most of the variation were attributed to differences between specific pairs of populations, flowering phenology showed latitudinal variation, which likely evolved along a large-scale environmental cline. Multivariate analysis revealed that at least the population on Okinawa Isl., at the edge of the range of the species, is phenotypically distinguishable from rheophytic populations on the main islands. Phylogenetic analysis also suggested that the Okinawan rheophytes are genetically isolated from parapatric dryland populations. Based on the evidence, the Okinawan rheophytic plants are recognized as specifically distinct and are described as Solidago yambaruensis S. Sakaguchi & Mot. Ito.",
keywords = "Asteraceae, Common garden experiment, Flowering time, Microsatellite, New species, Parallel divergence, Rheophyte, Solidago",
author = "Shota Sakaguchi and Atsushi Abe and Koki Nagasawa and Daiki Takahashi and Hiroaki Setoguchi and Masayuki Maki and Ryuta Kyan and Takako Nishino and Naoko Ishikawa and Hirota, {Shun K.} and Yoshihisa Suyama and Motomi Ito",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Y. Inoue, Y. Ito, K. Magota, Y. Matsuura, S. Mori, J. Nagasawa, I. Tamaki, T. Teramine, T. Yahara, and the Okinawa Churashima Research Center, Okinawa Churashima Foundation, for providing plant materials, K. Kumai for assisting in field surveys and K. Masuda for his help with the common garden experiment. We are grateful to H. Nagamasu (KYO), M. Yokota (RYU), A. Ebihara (TNS) for facilitating our use of herbarium specimens. Research permission was provided by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (for investigations in Kagoshima Prefecture) and Kunigami Village (Okinawa Prefecture). This study was financially supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI (16H04827, 18K14778) for S. S. and M. I., Kurita Water and Environment Foundation to S. S., and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (4-2001) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan to Y. S. Funding Information: We thank Y. Inoue, Y. Ito, K. Magota, Y. Matsuura, S. Mori, J. Nagasawa, I. Tamaki, T. Teramine, T. Yahara, and the Okinawa Churashima Research Center, Okinawa Churashima Foundation, for providing plant materials, K. Kumai for assisting in field surveys and K. Masuda for his help with the common garden experiment. We are grateful to H. Nagamasu (KYO), M. Yokota (RYU), A. Ebi-hara (TNS) for facilitating our use of herbarium specimens. Research permission was provided by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (for investigations in Kagoshi-ma Prefecture) and Kunigami Village (Okinawa Prefecture). This study was financially supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI (16H04827, 18K14778) for S. S. and M. I., Kurita Water and Environment Foundation to S. S., and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (4-2001) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan to Y. S. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, Japanese Society for Plant Systematics. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.18942/apg.202012",
language = "English",
volume = "72",
pages = "93--111",
journal = "Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica",
issn = "1346-7565",
publisher = "Japanese Society for Plant Systematics",
number = "2",
}