TY - JOUR
T1 - Expession patterns of mesenchyme specification genes in two distantly related echinoids, Glyptocidaris crenularis and Echinocardium cordatum
AU - Yamazaki, Atsuko
AU - Minokawa, Takuya
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Mrs. Masahiko Washio and Hirokazu Abe for collection of animals. We also thank Drs. Ryoichi Matsuda and Hideki Katow for providing P4 antibody. This study was supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid to A.Y. ( 10J04441 ) and T.M. ( C: 22570198 ).
PY - 2015/3/1
Y1 - 2015/3/1
N2 - The molecular mechanism of the larval mesenchyme cell specification in echinoids has been well analyzed. However, most of the data have been provided by studies of a single group of echinoids, the order Camarodonta. Little is known about this mechanism in other echinoid orders. We examined the expression patterns of mesenchyme specification genes, micro1, hesC, alx1, tbr, ets1, cyp1, and gcm, in the two non-Camarodonta echinoids, Glyptocidaris crenularis and Echinocardium cordatum. We found that the expression patterns of some genes contained characteristics that were unique to one of the species; others were shared by the two species. Some of the shared characteristics of G.crenularis and E.cordatum are not found in the species belonging to Camarodonta, suggesting the derived status of this order. The expression of ets1 in E.cordatum aboral ectoderm is one of the molecular level modifications possibly related to an evolutionarily novel larval structure, the posterior process. Our results suggest that a considerable number of modifications in the mesenchyme specification mechanisms have been introduced during the echinoid evolution.
AB - The molecular mechanism of the larval mesenchyme cell specification in echinoids has been well analyzed. However, most of the data have been provided by studies of a single group of echinoids, the order Camarodonta. Little is known about this mechanism in other echinoid orders. We examined the expression patterns of mesenchyme specification genes, micro1, hesC, alx1, tbr, ets1, cyp1, and gcm, in the two non-Camarodonta echinoids, Glyptocidaris crenularis and Echinocardium cordatum. We found that the expression patterns of some genes contained characteristics that were unique to one of the species; others were shared by the two species. Some of the shared characteristics of G.crenularis and E.cordatum are not found in the species belonging to Camarodonta, suggesting the derived status of this order. The expression of ets1 in E.cordatum aboral ectoderm is one of the molecular level modifications possibly related to an evolutionarily novel larval structure, the posterior process. Our results suggest that a considerable number of modifications in the mesenchyme specification mechanisms have been introduced during the echinoid evolution.
KW - Evolution
KW - Heart urchin
KW - Mesoderm
KW - Primary mesenchyme cells
KW - Sea urchin
KW - Secondary mesenchyme cells
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U2 - 10.1016/j.gep.2015.03.003
DO - 10.1016/j.gep.2015.03.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 25801498
AN - SCOPUS:84925866529
VL - 17
SP - 87
EP - 97
JO - Gene Expression Patterns
JF - Gene Expression Patterns
SN - 1567-133X
IS - 2
ER -