@inbook{4ae1f68db6944b3cb196259f0fa26663,
title = "A study on how cultural and gender parameters affect emoticon distribution, usage and frequency in American and Japanese online discourse",
abstract = "This study attempts to understand how cultural and gender parameters affect emoticon distribution, usage and frequency in American and Japanese online discourse. From a corpus of American and Japanese personal blog comments of over 45,000 sentences and data from interviews with bloggers, emoticon function, usage and frequency were compared across gender and cross-culturally. In addition, an examination of how emoticons interact with the linguistic text and other unconventional means of communication such as unconventional phonetic spelling, was also given consideration.",
keywords = "American, Culture, Emoticons, Gender, Japanese, Negative impact downgraders (NID's), Positive impact upgraders (PIU's), Speech act markers",
author = "Barry Kavanagh",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 John Benjamins Publishing Company",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1075/pbns.318.10kav",
language = "English",
series = "Pragmatics and Beyond New Series",
publisher = "John Benjamins Publishing Company",
pages = "287--320",
editor = "Chaoqun Xie and Francisco Yus and Hartmut Haberland",
booktitle = "Approaches to Internet Pragmatics. Theory and practice",
address = "Netherlands",
}