Wind loads on free-standing canopy roofs part 4 peak wind force coefficients for designing the cladding of roofs with ceiling

The present paper discusses the peak wind force coefficients for designing the cladding of free-standing canopy roofs with ceiling, based on a series of wind tunnel experiments. Wind pressures are measured simultaneously at many points both on the upper and lower surfaces in a wind tunnel. The internal pressure between the roof cladding and ceiling is estimated from the external pressures on the lower surface, assuming that there are many small openings uniformly distributed on the ceiling. The net wind force coefficients on the roof cladding and ceiling are given by the difference between the external and internal pressure coefficients. The characteristics of the net wind force coefficients as well as of the internal pressure coefficient are investigated. The method for evaluating the peak wind force coefficients on the roofing and ceiling is discussed based on the correlation between the external and internal pressures.