TY - JOUR
T1 - Verifiability of genus-level classification under quantification and parsimony theories
T2 - A case study of follicucullid radiolarians
AU - Xiao, Yifan
AU - Suzuki, Noritoshi
AU - He, Weihong
AU - Benton, Michael J.
AU - Yang, Tinglu
AU - Cai, Chenyang
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions for the improvement of this article. We gratefully acknowledge T. L. Stubbs (School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol) for teaching phylogenetic tree methods in R during the short course in Wuhan in 2018. Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant no. 41902016 and grant no. 41772016), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CUG grant no. CUG190612), and the State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology (GBL11605). Special thanks to Tohoku University for hosting Y. F. Xiao's three-month visit from September 29 to December 25, 2019.
Funding Information:
We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions for the improvement of this article. We gratefully acknowledge T. L. Stubbs (School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol) for teaching phylogenetic tree methods in R during the short course inWuhan in 2018. Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant no. 41902016 and grant no. 41772016), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CUG grant no. CUG190612), and the State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology (GBL11605). Special thanks to Tohoku University for hosting Y. F. Xiao?s three-month visit from September 29 to December 25, 2019.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society.
PY - 2020/8/1
Y1 - 2020/8/1
N2 - The classical taxonomy of fossil invertebrates is based on subjective judgments of morphology, which can cause confusion, because there are no codified standards for the classification of genera. Here, we explore the validity of the genus taxonomy of 75 species and morphospecies of the Follicucullidae, a late Paleozoic family of radiolarians, using a new method, Hayashi's quantification theory II (HQT-II), a general multivariate statistical method for categorical datasets relevant to discriminant analysis. We identify a scheme of 10 genera rather than the currently accepted 3 genera (Follicucullus, Ishigaconus, and Parafollicucullus). As HQT-II cannot incorporate stratigraphic data, a phylogenetic tree of Follicucullidae was reconstructed for 38 species using maximum parsimony. Six lineages emerged, roughly in concordance with the results of HQT-II. Combined with parsimony ancestral state reconstruction, the ancestral group of this family is Haplodiacanthus. Five other groups were discriminated, the Parafollicucullus, Curvalbaillella, Pseudoalbaillella, Longtanella, and Follicucullus-Cariver lineages. The morphological evolution of these lineages comprises a minimum essential list of eight states of four traits. HQT-II is a novel discriminant analytical multivariate method that may be of value in other taxonomic problems of paleobiology.
AB - The classical taxonomy of fossil invertebrates is based on subjective judgments of morphology, which can cause confusion, because there are no codified standards for the classification of genera. Here, we explore the validity of the genus taxonomy of 75 species and morphospecies of the Follicucullidae, a late Paleozoic family of radiolarians, using a new method, Hayashi's quantification theory II (HQT-II), a general multivariate statistical method for categorical datasets relevant to discriminant analysis. We identify a scheme of 10 genera rather than the currently accepted 3 genera (Follicucullus, Ishigaconus, and Parafollicucullus). As HQT-II cannot incorporate stratigraphic data, a phylogenetic tree of Follicucullidae was reconstructed for 38 species using maximum parsimony. Six lineages emerged, roughly in concordance with the results of HQT-II. Combined with parsimony ancestral state reconstruction, the ancestral group of this family is Haplodiacanthus. Five other groups were discriminated, the Parafollicucullus, Curvalbaillella, Pseudoalbaillella, Longtanella, and Follicucullus-Cariver lineages. The morphological evolution of these lineages comprises a minimum essential list of eight states of four traits. HQT-II is a novel discriminant analytical multivariate method that may be of value in other taxonomic problems of paleobiology.
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U2 - 10.1017/pab.2020.28
DO - 10.1017/pab.2020.28
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85095129295
VL - 46
SP - 337
EP - 355
JO - Paleobiology
JF - Paleobiology
SN - 0094-8373
IS - 3
ER -