Validation of the S-CLSVOF method with the density-scaled balanced continuum surface force model in multiphase systems coupled with thermocapillary flows

Three numerical methods, namely, volume of fluid (VOF), simple coupled volume of fluid with level set (S-CLSVOF), and S-CLSVOF with the density-scaled balanced continuum surface force (CSF) model, have been incorporated into OpenFOAM source code and were validated for their accuracy for three cases: (i) an isothermal static case, (ii) isothermal dynamic cases, and (iii) non-isothermal dynamic cases with thermocapillary flow including dynamic interface deformation. Results have shown that the S-CLSVOF method gives accurate results in the test cases with mild computation conditions, and the S-CLSVOF technique with the density-scaled balanced CSF model leads to accurate results in the cases of large interface deformations and large density and viscosity ratios. These show that these high accuracy methods would be appropriate to obtain accurate predictions in multiphase flow systems with thermocapillary flows.