TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding space weather to shield society
T2 - A global road map for 2015-2025 commissioned by COSPAR and ILWS
AU - Schrijver, Carolus J.
AU - Kauristie, Kirsti
AU - Aylward, Alan D.
AU - Denardini, Clezio M.
AU - Gibson, Sarah E.
AU - Glover, Alexi
AU - Gopalswamy, Nat
AU - Grande, Manuel
AU - Hapgood, Mike
AU - Heynderickx, Daniel
AU - Jakowski, Norbert
AU - Kalegaev, Vladimir V.
AU - Lapenta, Giovanni
AU - Linker, Jon A.
AU - Liu, Siqing
AU - Mandrini, Cristina H.
AU - Mann, Ian R.
AU - Nagatsuma, Tsutomu
AU - Nandy, Dibyendu
AU - Obara, Takahiro
AU - O'Brien, T. Paul
AU - Onsager, Terrance
AU - Opgenoorth, Hermann J.
AU - Terkildsen, Michael
AU - Valladares, Cesar E.
AU - Vilmer, Nicole
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 COSPAR.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - There is a growing appreciation that the environmental conditions that we call space weather impact the technological infrastructure that powers the coupled economies around the world. With that comes the need to better shield society against space weather by improving forecasts, environmental specifications, and infrastructure design. We recognize that much progress has been made and continues to be made with a powerful suite of research observatories on the ground and in space, forming the basis of a Sun-Earth system observatory. But the domain of space weather is vast - extending from deep within the Sun to far outside the planetary orbits - and the physics complex - including couplings between various types of physical processes that link scales and domains from the microscopic to large parts of the solar system. Consequently, advanced understanding of space weather requires a coordinated international approach to effectively provide awareness of the processes within the Sun-Earth system through observation-driven models. This roadmap prioritizes the scientific focus areas and research infrastructure that are needed to significantly advance our understanding of space weather of all intensities and of its implications for society. Advancement of the existing system observatory through the addition of small to moderate state-of-the-art capabilities designed to fill observational gaps will enable significant advances. Such a strategy requires urgent action: key instrumentation needs to be sustained, and action needs to be taken before core capabilities are lost in the aging ensemble. We recommend advances through priority focus (1) on observation-based modeling throughout the Sun-Earth system, (2) on forecasts more than 12 h ahead of the magnetic structure of incoming coronal mass ejections, (3) on understanding the geospace response to variable solarwind stresses that lead to intense geomagnetically-induced currents and ionospheric and radiation storms, and (4) on developing a comprehensive specification of space climate, including the characterization of extreme space storms to guide resilient and robust engineering of technological infrastructures. The roadmap clusters its implementation recommendations by formulating three action pathways, and outlines needed instrumentation and research programs and infrastructure for each of these. An executive summary provides an overview of all recommendations.
AB - There is a growing appreciation that the environmental conditions that we call space weather impact the technological infrastructure that powers the coupled economies around the world. With that comes the need to better shield society against space weather by improving forecasts, environmental specifications, and infrastructure design. We recognize that much progress has been made and continues to be made with a powerful suite of research observatories on the ground and in space, forming the basis of a Sun-Earth system observatory. But the domain of space weather is vast - extending from deep within the Sun to far outside the planetary orbits - and the physics complex - including couplings between various types of physical processes that link scales and domains from the microscopic to large parts of the solar system. Consequently, advanced understanding of space weather requires a coordinated international approach to effectively provide awareness of the processes within the Sun-Earth system through observation-driven models. This roadmap prioritizes the scientific focus areas and research infrastructure that are needed to significantly advance our understanding of space weather of all intensities and of its implications for society. Advancement of the existing system observatory through the addition of small to moderate state-of-the-art capabilities designed to fill observational gaps will enable significant advances. Such a strategy requires urgent action: key instrumentation needs to be sustained, and action needs to be taken before core capabilities are lost in the aging ensemble. We recommend advances through priority focus (1) on observation-based modeling throughout the Sun-Earth system, (2) on forecasts more than 12 h ahead of the magnetic structure of incoming coronal mass ejections, (3) on understanding the geospace response to variable solarwind stresses that lead to intense geomagnetically-induced currents and ionospheric and radiation storms, and (4) on developing a comprehensive specification of space climate, including the characterization of extreme space storms to guide resilient and robust engineering of technological infrastructures. The roadmap clusters its implementation recommendations by formulating three action pathways, and outlines needed instrumentation and research programs and infrastructure for each of these. An executive summary provides an overview of all recommendations.
KW - COSPAR/ILWS road map panel
KW - Space weather
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84933280445&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84933280445&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.asr.2015.03.023
DO - 10.1016/j.asr.2015.03.023
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84933280445
VL - 55
SP - 2745
EP - 2807
JO - Life sciences and space research
JF - Life sciences and space research
SN - 0273-1177
IS - 12
ER -