TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-Dimensional Shapes of Spinning Helium Nanodroplets
AU - Langbehn, Bruno
AU - Sander, Katharina
AU - Ovcharenko, Yevheniy
AU - Peltz, Christian
AU - Clark, Andrew
AU - Coreno, Marcello
AU - Cucini, Riccardo
AU - Drabbels, Marcel
AU - Finetti, Paola
AU - Di Fraia, Michele
AU - Giannessi, Luca
AU - Grazioli, Cesare
AU - Iablonskyi, Denys
AU - Laforge, Aaron C.
AU - Nishiyama, Toshiyuki
AU - Oliver Álvarez De Lara, Verónica
AU - Piseri, Paolo
AU - Plekan, Oksana
AU - Ueda, Kiyoshi
AU - Zimmermann, Julian
AU - Prince, Kevin C.
AU - Stienkemeier, Frank
AU - Callegari, Carlo
AU - Fennel, Thomas
AU - Rupp, Daniela
AU - Möller, Thomas
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank A. Vilesov, F. Ancilotto, and M. Barranco for fruitful discussions and acknowledge excellent support of the FERMI staff during the beam time. This work received financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the Grant No. MO 719/14-1, by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Project No. 05K16KT3), and by the Leibniz Grant No. SAW/2017/MBI4. T. F. acknowledges financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via SFB 652, via a Heisenberg fellowship (No. FE 1120/4-1), and from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Project No. 05K16HRB). Computing time has been provided by the North German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN, No. mvp00013). M. D. acknowledges funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation through Grants No. 200021_146598 and No. 200020_162434. P. P. acknowledges support from Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) PRIN 2012Z3N9R9 “NOXSS.” F. S. acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the Grant No. STI 125/19-1. K. U. acknowledges support by the XFEL Priority Strategy Program MEXT and the TAGEN project while T. N. and K. U. acknowledge support by the Research Program of “Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials” in “Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices”.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.
PY - 2018/12/17
Y1 - 2018/12/17
N2 - A significant fraction of superfluid helium nanodroplets produced in a free-jet expansion has been observed to gain high angular momentum resulting in large centrifugal deformation. We measured single-shot diffraction patterns of individual rotating helium nanodroplets up to large scattering angles using intense extreme ultraviolet light pulses from the FERMI free-electron laser. Distinct asymmetric features in the wide-angle diffraction patterns enable the unique and systematic identification of the three-dimensional droplet shapes. The analysis of a large data set allows us to follow the evolution from axisymmetric oblate to triaxial prolate and two-lobed droplets. We find that the shapes of spinning superfluid helium droplets exhibit the same stages as classical rotating droplets while the previously reported metastable, oblate shapes of quantum droplets are not observed. Our three-dimensional analysis represents a valuable landmark for clarifying the interrelation between morphology and superfluidity on the nanometer scale.
AB - A significant fraction of superfluid helium nanodroplets produced in a free-jet expansion has been observed to gain high angular momentum resulting in large centrifugal deformation. We measured single-shot diffraction patterns of individual rotating helium nanodroplets up to large scattering angles using intense extreme ultraviolet light pulses from the FERMI free-electron laser. Distinct asymmetric features in the wide-angle diffraction patterns enable the unique and systematic identification of the three-dimensional droplet shapes. The analysis of a large data set allows us to follow the evolution from axisymmetric oblate to triaxial prolate and two-lobed droplets. We find that the shapes of spinning superfluid helium droplets exhibit the same stages as classical rotating droplets while the previously reported metastable, oblate shapes of quantum droplets are not observed. Our three-dimensional analysis represents a valuable landmark for clarifying the interrelation between morphology and superfluidity on the nanometer scale.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.255301
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.255301
M3 - Article
C2 - 30608832
AN - SCOPUS:85059068743
VL - 121
JO - Physical Review Letters
JF - Physical Review Letters
SN - 0031-9007
IS - 25
M1 - 255301
ER -