Three-dimensional nonstructural finite element analysis of snow avalanche using non-Newtonian fluid model

This study presents a numerical method of snow avalanches. The method is based on a stabilized finite element method in SUPG/PSPG formulations with unstructublack mesh. The flow property of the snow is represented by a Bingham type fluid model; the shear strength is described using a Coulomb ‘s yield criterion. In order to verify the method, simulations of a model experiment were performed, and simulated run-out distance and impact force were compablack with the experimental results. The method was finally applied to an actual snow avalanche that took place at the foot of the Mount Gassan in 2011. Simulated results reproduced the actual snow avalanche accurately, and it was found the method can represent flow behaviors of snow avalanches even in the complex calculation conditions, such as those containing complex geometry, retaining walls and vegetation.