The Magnetosphere: Formation of the Magnetosphere and Magnetospheric Plasma Regime

The Earth's magnetosphere is formed by the plasma flow from the Sun; i.e. solar wind. This solar wind particle can enter the magnetosphere through non-MHD processes and produces specific regions of plasma. This is due to the convection motion seen in the magnetosphere. An enhancement of the magnetospheric convection causes storms and substorms in the magnetosphere. Highly energetic particles can be produced through very efficient acceleration processes during the storms. In this paper we describe the fundamental physics of the magnetosphere, aiming a transition of researches to the Space Weather forecast.