TY - JOUR
T1 - The Association between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and the Gut Microbiome
T2 - A Cross-Sectional Analysis
AU - Saji, Naoki
AU - Murotani, Kenta
AU - Hisada, Takayoshi
AU - Tsuduki, Tsuyoshi
AU - Sugimoto, Taiki
AU - Kimura, Ai
AU - Niida, Shumpei
AU - Toba, Kenji
AU - Sakurai, Takashi
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Yukie Ohsaki, Maki Yamamoto, Hana Saito, and Ayaka Suzuki (NCGG) for their technical and secretarial assistance. We also thank the BioBank and NCGG for the quality control of the clinical samples and data. We thank Bronwen Gardner, PhD, from Edanz Group ( https://en-author-services.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript. This study was supported by research grants from the Research Funding of Longevity Sciences and the NCGG, grants from the NARO Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution Project (advanced integration research for agriculture and interdisciplinary fields), grants from the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), JSPS KAKENHI (grant 20k07861), grants from the Danone Institute of Japan Foundation, and grants from the Honjo International Scholarship Foundation. N.S. was the principal investigator and contributed to the concept, drafting, and design of the protocol. K.M. T.H. T.T. T.S. A.K. S.N. K.T. and T.S. contributed to the design of the study, analysis of the data, and review of the manuscript's intellectual content.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Background: Recent studies have demonstrated an association between the gut microbiome and cognitive function. However, the associations between the gut microbiome and brain parenchyma damage, and their underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis using data from our prospective cohort study to determine the association between the gut microbiome and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We assessed patient demographics, risk factors, cognitive function, brain imaging, voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's Disease (VSRAD, indicating brain atrophy), and the gut microbiome as indicated by enterotypes and faecal microbiome metabolites. We then analysed the associations between total SVD scores, cognitive function, and the gut microbiome. Results: We analysed data from 87 patients without dementia or a history of stroke, 64 of whom exhibited mild cognitive impairment. Higher total SVD scores were associated with cognitive decline and behavioural and psychological symptoms. Compared with all other patients, patients with enterotype I (Bacteroides >30%) were more likely to have cognitive decline (median scores: Mini-Mental State Examination, 25 vs. 27, P = 0.047; Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes, 1.5 vs. 0.5, P = 0.002) and present with cerebral SVD and high VSRAD scores (1.01 vs. 0.57, P = 0.012). Furthermore, faecal metabolites were significantly higher in patients with higher total SVD scores compared with those with lower scores. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that certain gut microbiomes may double the risk of white matter hyperintensity. Conclusions: The gut microbiome is associated with cerebral SVD.
AB - Background: Recent studies have demonstrated an association between the gut microbiome and cognitive function. However, the associations between the gut microbiome and brain parenchyma damage, and their underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis using data from our prospective cohort study to determine the association between the gut microbiome and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We assessed patient demographics, risk factors, cognitive function, brain imaging, voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's Disease (VSRAD, indicating brain atrophy), and the gut microbiome as indicated by enterotypes and faecal microbiome metabolites. We then analysed the associations between total SVD scores, cognitive function, and the gut microbiome. Results: We analysed data from 87 patients without dementia or a history of stroke, 64 of whom exhibited mild cognitive impairment. Higher total SVD scores were associated with cognitive decline and behavioural and psychological symptoms. Compared with all other patients, patients with enterotype I (Bacteroides >30%) were more likely to have cognitive decline (median scores: Mini-Mental State Examination, 25 vs. 27, P = 0.047; Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes, 1.5 vs. 0.5, P = 0.002) and present with cerebral SVD and high VSRAD scores (1.01 vs. 0.57, P = 0.012). Furthermore, faecal metabolites were significantly higher in patients with higher total SVD scores compared with those with lower scores. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that certain gut microbiomes may double the risk of white matter hyperintensity. Conclusions: The gut microbiome is associated with cerebral SVD.
KW - Cognitive decline
KW - Dementia
KW - Gut
KW - Microbiome
KW - Small vessel disease
KW - White matter hyperintensity
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105568
DO - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105568
M3 - Article
C2 - 33423868
AN - SCOPUS:85099711935
VL - 30
JO - Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
JF - Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
SN - 1052-3057
IS - 3
M1 - 105568
ER -