TY - JOUR
T1 - Substance flow analysis of phosphorus and manganese correlated with South Korean steel industry
AU - Jeong, Yong Soo
AU - Matsubae-Yokoyama, Kazuyo
AU - Kubo, Hironari
AU - Pak, Jong Jin
AU - Nagasaka, Tetsuya
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) in 2006–2009 (Contract number 18360433) is gratefully acknowledged.
PY - 2009/7
Y1 - 2009/7
N2 - Security of resources becomes more important than ever as the upward trend in the prices of mineral and natural resources continues. Phosphorus and manganese are important minerals to many countries. Phosphorus is in global demand, particularly for making fertilizers, and manganese is an indispensable element in industrial and consumer products. However, the raw materials for these two elements are restricted to certain geographical regions and countries. More importantly, they are not produced in South Korea, although domestic use of each is increasing. In this paper the authors examine domestic phosphorus and manganese flows in South Korea, focusing on the iron and steel industries and using statistical data for 2005. The total phosphorus and manganese usage in South Korea are evaluated to be 380 kt-P/year and 303 kt-Mn/year (manganese ore + manganese alloy). Further, the amounts of phosphorus and manganese lost to steelmaking slag are estimated to be 35.7 kt-P/year and 162 kt-Mn/year. These losses correspond to about 10% of the domestic phosphorus consumption and approximately 53% of the manganese added in steelmaking processes as an alloying element or deoxidation agent. The results from these substance flow analyses suggest that a significantly large ripple effect can be expected if recovery of phosphorus and manganese from slag becomes possible. The potential for converting steelmaking slags into new phosphorus and manganese resources is also discussed from the viewpoint of recovery technology.
AB - Security of resources becomes more important than ever as the upward trend in the prices of mineral and natural resources continues. Phosphorus and manganese are important minerals to many countries. Phosphorus is in global demand, particularly for making fertilizers, and manganese is an indispensable element in industrial and consumer products. However, the raw materials for these two elements are restricted to certain geographical regions and countries. More importantly, they are not produced in South Korea, although domestic use of each is increasing. In this paper the authors examine domestic phosphorus and manganese flows in South Korea, focusing on the iron and steel industries and using statistical data for 2005. The total phosphorus and manganese usage in South Korea are evaluated to be 380 kt-P/year and 303 kt-Mn/year (manganese ore + manganese alloy). Further, the amounts of phosphorus and manganese lost to steelmaking slag are estimated to be 35.7 kt-P/year and 162 kt-Mn/year. These losses correspond to about 10% of the domestic phosphorus consumption and approximately 53% of the manganese added in steelmaking processes as an alloying element or deoxidation agent. The results from these substance flow analyses suggest that a significantly large ripple effect can be expected if recovery of phosphorus and manganese from slag becomes possible. The potential for converting steelmaking slags into new phosphorus and manganese resources is also discussed from the viewpoint of recovery technology.
KW - Manganese
KW - Material flow analysis
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Resource management
KW - Steelmaking slag
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67349172142&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=67349172142&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.002
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:67349172142
VL - 53
SP - 479
EP - 489
JO - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
JF - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
SN - 0921-3449
IS - 9
ER -