Abstract
The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | P07002 |
| Journal | Journal of Instrumentation |
| Volume | 3 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2008 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Hybrid detectors
- Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics
- Particle identification methods
- Particle tracking detectors
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Mathematical Physics
- Instrumentation
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Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment. / Anokhina, A.; Aoki, S.; Ariga, A.; Arrabito, L.; Autiero, D.; Badertscher, A.; Bay, F.; Bergnoli, A.; Bersani Greggio, F.; Besnier, M.; Bick, D.; Bozza, C.; Brugiere, T.; Brugnera, R.; Brunetti, G.; Buontempo, S.; Carrara, E.; Cazes, A.; Chaussard, L.; Chernyavsky, M.; Chiarella, V.; Chon-Sen, N.; Chukanov, A.; Consiglio, L.; Cozzi, M.; Dal Corso, F.; D'Amato, G.; D'Ambrosio, N.; De Lellis, G.; Déclais, Y.; De Serio, M.; Di Capua, F.; Di Ferdinando, D.; Di Giovanni, A.; Di Marco, N.; Di Troia, C.; Dmitrievski, S.; Dominjon, A.; Dracos, M.; Duchesneau, D.; Dulach, B.; Dusini, S.; Ebert, J.; Egorov, O.; Enikeev, R.; Ereditato, A.; Esposito, L. S.; Favier, J.; Felici, G.; Ferber, T.; Fini, R.; Franceschi, A.; Fukuda, T.; Fukushima, C.; Galkin, V. I.; Galkin, V. A.; Garfagnini, A.; Giacomelli, G.; Giorgini, M.; Goellnitz, C.; Golubkov, D.; Gornoushkin, Y.; Grella, G.; Grianti, F.; Guler, M.; Gusev, G.; Gustavino, C.; Hagner, C.; Hara, T.; Hierholzer, M.; Hiramatsu, S.; Hoshino, K.; Ieva, M.; Jakovcic, K.; Janicsko Csathy, J.; Janutta, B.; Jollet, C.; Juget, F.; Kawai, T.; Kazuyama, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kimura, M.; Knuesel, J.; Kodama, K.; Komatsu, M.; Kose, U.; Kreslo, I.; Laktineh, I.; Lazzaro, C.; Lenkeit, J.; Ljubicic, A.; Longhin, A.; Lutter, G.; Manai, K.; Mandrioli, G.; Manzoor, S.; Marotta, A.; Marteau, J.; Matsuoka, H.; Mauri, N.; Meisel, F.; Meregaglia, A.; Messina, M.; Migliozzi, P.; Miyamoto, S.; Monacelli, P.; Morishima, K.; Moser, U.; Muciaccia, M. T.; Naganawa, N.; Naka, T.; Nakamura, M.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, T.; Nikitina, V.; Niwa, K.; Nonoyama, Y.; Ogawa, S.; Osedlo, V.; Ossetski, D.; Paoloni, A.; Park, B. D.; Park, I. G.; Pastore, A.; Patrizii, L.; Pennacchio, E.; Pessard, H.; Pistillo, C.; Polukhina, N.; Pozzato, M.; Pretzl, K.; Publichenko, P.; Pupilli, Fabio; Roganova, T.; Rosa, G.; Rostovtseva, I.; Rubbia, A.; Russo, A.; Ryazhskaya, O.; Ryzhikov, D.; Sato, Y.; Sato, O.; Saveliev, V.; Sazhina, G.; Schembri, A.; Scotto Lavina, L.; Shibuya, H.; Simone, S.; Sioli, M.; Sirignano, C.; Sirri, G.; Song, J. S.; Spinetti, M.; Stanco, L.; Starkov, N.; Stipcevic, M.; Strauss, T.; Strolin, P.; Sugonyaev, V.; Taira, Y.; Takahashi, S.; Tenti, M.; Terranova, F.; Tioukov, V.; Togo, V.; Tolun, P.; Tsarev, V.; Tufanli, S.; Ushida, N.; Valieri, C.; Vilain, P.; Vladimirov, M.; Votano, L.; Vuilleumier, J. L.; Wilquet, G.; Wonsak, B.; Wurtz, J.; Yoon, C. S.; Yoshida, J.; Zaitsev, Y.; Zemskova, S.; Zghiche, A.; Zimmermann, R.
In: Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 3, No. 7, P07002, 2008.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment
AU - Anokhina, A.
AU - Aoki, S.
AU - Ariga, A.
AU - Arrabito, L.
AU - Autiero, D.
AU - Badertscher, A.
AU - Bay, F.
AU - Bergnoli, A.
AU - Bersani Greggio, F.
AU - Besnier, M.
AU - Bick, D.
AU - Bozza, C.
AU - Brugiere, T.
AU - Brugnera, R.
AU - Brunetti, G.
AU - Buontempo, S.
AU - Carrara, E.
AU - Cazes, A.
AU - Chaussard, L.
AU - Chernyavsky, M.
AU - Chiarella, V.
AU - Chon-Sen, N.
AU - Chukanov, A.
AU - Consiglio, L.
AU - Cozzi, M.
AU - Dal Corso, F.
AU - D'Amato, G.
AU - D'Ambrosio, N.
AU - De Lellis, G.
AU - Déclais, Y.
AU - De Serio, M.
AU - Di Capua, F.
AU - Di Ferdinando, D.
AU - Di Giovanni, A.
AU - Di Marco, N.
AU - Di Troia, C.
AU - Dmitrievski, S.
AU - Dominjon, A.
AU - Dracos, M.
AU - Duchesneau, D.
AU - Dulach, B.
AU - Dusini, S.
AU - Ebert, J.
AU - Egorov, O.
AU - Enikeev, R.
AU - Ereditato, A.
AU - Esposito, L. S.
AU - Favier, J.
AU - Felici, G.
AU - Ferber, T.
AU - Fini, R.
AU - Franceschi, A.
AU - Fukuda, T.
AU - Fukushima, C.
AU - Galkin, V. I.
AU - Galkin, V. A.
AU - Garfagnini, A.
AU - Giacomelli, G.
AU - Giorgini, M.
AU - Goellnitz, C.
AU - Golubkov, D.
AU - Gornoushkin, Y.
AU - Grella, G.
AU - Grianti, F.
AU - Guler, M.
AU - Gusev, G.
AU - Gustavino, C.
AU - Hagner, C.
AU - Hara, T.
AU - Hierholzer, M.
AU - Hiramatsu, S.
AU - Hoshino, K.
AU - Ieva, M.
AU - Jakovcic, K.
AU - Janicsko Csathy, J.
AU - Janutta, B.
AU - Jollet, C.
AU - Juget, F.
AU - Kawai, T.
AU - Kazuyama, M.
AU - Kim, S. H.
AU - Kimura, M.
AU - Knuesel, J.
AU - Kodama, K.
AU - Komatsu, M.
AU - Kose, U.
AU - Kreslo, I.
AU - Laktineh, I.
AU - Lazzaro, C.
AU - Lenkeit, J.
AU - Ljubicic, A.
AU - Longhin, A.
AU - Lutter, G.
AU - Manai, K.
AU - Mandrioli, G.
AU - Manzoor, S.
AU - Marotta, A.
AU - Marteau, J.
AU - Matsuoka, H.
AU - Mauri, N.
AU - Meisel, F.
AU - Meregaglia, A.
AU - Messina, M.
AU - Migliozzi, P.
AU - Miyamoto, S.
AU - Monacelli, P.
AU - Morishima, K.
AU - Moser, U.
AU - Muciaccia, M. T.
AU - Naganawa, N.
AU - Naka, T.
AU - Nakamura, M.
AU - Nakamura, T.
AU - Nakano, T.
AU - Nikitina, V.
AU - Niwa, K.
AU - Nonoyama, Y.
AU - Ogawa, S.
AU - Osedlo, V.
AU - Ossetski, D.
AU - Paoloni, A.
AU - Park, B. D.
AU - Park, I. G.
AU - Pastore, A.
AU - Patrizii, L.
AU - Pennacchio, E.
AU - Pessard, H.
AU - Pistillo, C.
AU - Polukhina, N.
AU - Pozzato, M.
AU - Pretzl, K.
AU - Publichenko, P.
AU - Pupilli, Fabio
AU - Roganova, T.
AU - Rosa, G.
AU - Rostovtseva, I.
AU - Rubbia, A.
AU - Russo, A.
AU - Ryazhskaya, O.
AU - Ryzhikov, D.
AU - Sato, Y.
AU - Sato, O.
AU - Saveliev, V.
AU - Sazhina, G.
AU - Schembri, A.
AU - Scotto Lavina, L.
AU - Shibuya, H.
AU - Simone, S.
AU - Sioli, M.
AU - Sirignano, C.
AU - Sirri, G.
AU - Song, J. S.
AU - Spinetti, M.
AU - Stanco, L.
AU - Starkov, N.
AU - Stipcevic, M.
AU - Strauss, T.
AU - Strolin, P.
AU - Sugonyaev, V.
AU - Taira, Y.
AU - Takahashi, S.
AU - Tenti, M.
AU - Terranova, F.
AU - Tioukov, V.
AU - Togo, V.
AU - Tolun, P.
AU - Tsarev, V.
AU - Tufanli, S.
AU - Ushida, N.
AU - Valieri, C.
AU - Vilain, P.
AU - Vladimirov, M.
AU - Votano, L.
AU - Vuilleumier, J. L.
AU - Wilquet, G.
AU - Wonsak, B.
AU - Wurtz, J.
AU - Yoon, C. S.
AU - Yoshida, J.
AU - Zaitsev, Y.
AU - Zemskova, S.
AU - Zghiche, A.
AU - Zimmermann, R.
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.
AB - The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.
KW - Hybrid detectors
KW - Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics
KW - Particle identification methods
KW - Particle tracking detectors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=62749192573&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=62749192573&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002
DO - 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:62749192573
VL - 3
JO - Journal of Instrumentation
JF - Journal of Instrumentation
SN - 1748-0221
IS - 7
M1 - P07002
ER -