Stress-induced α″ martensitic (110) twinning in Β-Ti alloys

A fully transformed α″ martensite with stress-induced nanoscale {110}, {021}-type compound twin or a 90°rotation twin has been experimentally explored and unambiguously characterized in traditional Β -type Ti alloys, which usually undergo a partial martensitic transformation [a Β grain partially transformed into α″ with internal (111) twin] by quenching. This newly observed twinning, which matches with the predication based on the deformation twinning theory of Bilby and Crocker [Proc. R. Soc. 288, 241 (1965)], can help to explain the deformation mechanism and aid future development of advanced materials.