Abstract
We propose a smelting reduction process for titanium that uses a flux without any added deoxidizer, such as metallic calcium. For the smelting flux, material from the CaO-Al2O3-ZrO2ternary system was utilized, and an arbitrary quantity of TiO2was added to the ternary flux. The mixed TiO2-bearing quaternary flux was electrochemically treated in a reaction cell made of CaO-stabilized ZrO2solid electrolyte above the melting temperature of titanium. Small, lustrous particles were observed on the crushed flux surface after smelting and quenching, and these were analyzed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) during scanning electron microscopy, and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation of metallic titanium was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction data and elemental mapping by EDX, and was determined to be reasonable from thermodynamic investigations.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 1419-1427 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Materials Transactions |
Volume | 55 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2014 Jan 1 |
Keywords
- CaO-AlO-ZrOflux
- CaO-stabilized ZrO
- Crucible-saturated composition
- Electrode
- Equilibrium
- Oxygen partial pressure
- Solid electrolyte
- TiO
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanical Engineering