TY - JOUR
T1 - Significance of squalene in rice bran oil and perspectives on squalene oxidation
AU - Shimizu, Naoki
AU - Ito, Junya
AU - Kato, Shunji
AU - Eitsuka, Takahiro
AU - Miyazawa, Teruo
AU - Nakagawa, Kiyotaka
N1 - Funding Information:
1Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8572, Japan 2Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259–1193, Japan 3Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8579, Japan 4Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8572, Japan
Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through JSPS Core-to-Core Program (Advanced Research Networks) entitled “Establishment of international agricultural immunology research-core for a quantum improvement in food safety” and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP15H04497 and JP16H06637.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Center for Academic Publications Japan. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - As an intermediate metabolite during the biosynthesis of sterols, squalene is found ubiquitously in plants and animals. In rice, squalene is contained in rice bran, and consequently, squalene in rice bran oil has gained attention. Studies have shown that the intake of squalene from food sources demonstrate various physiological benefits such as the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Squalene is also known as an effective antioxidant in edible oils. However, due to its chemical structure, squalene is susceptible to oxidation, which may cause a decline in the nutraceutical and antioxidative effects of squalene in edible oils. Oxidative degradation of squalene also results in the formation of scission products (i.e., aldehydes and ketones) which may lead to off-flavor. Since the rate of squalene oxidation depends on the factors that induce its oxidation (i.e., light or heat), emphasis on oxidation mechanisms is necessary. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that the oxidation products formed by the singlet oxygen oxidation and free radical oxidation of squalene are different, and more recently, we demonstrated that different squalene monohydroperoxide isomers are formed by each oxidation mechanism. We herein discuss the significance of squalene in rice bran oil as well as the oxidative degradation of squalene in edible oils with focus on oxidation mechanisms.
AB - As an intermediate metabolite during the biosynthesis of sterols, squalene is found ubiquitously in plants and animals. In rice, squalene is contained in rice bran, and consequently, squalene in rice bran oil has gained attention. Studies have shown that the intake of squalene from food sources demonstrate various physiological benefits such as the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Squalene is also known as an effective antioxidant in edible oils. However, due to its chemical structure, squalene is susceptible to oxidation, which may cause a decline in the nutraceutical and antioxidative effects of squalene in edible oils. Oxidative degradation of squalene also results in the formation of scission products (i.e., aldehydes and ketones) which may lead to off-flavor. Since the rate of squalene oxidation depends on the factors that induce its oxidation (i.e., light or heat), emphasis on oxidation mechanisms is necessary. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that the oxidation products formed by the singlet oxygen oxidation and free radical oxidation of squalene are different, and more recently, we demonstrated that different squalene monohydroperoxide isomers are formed by each oxidation mechanism. We herein discuss the significance of squalene in rice bran oil as well as the oxidative degradation of squalene in edible oils with focus on oxidation mechanisms.
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - Lipid oxidation
KW - Rice bran oil
KW - Squalene
KW - Squalene monohydroperoxide isomers
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U2 - 10.3177/jnsv.65.S62
DO - 10.3177/jnsv.65.S62
M3 - Article
C2 - 31619649
AN - SCOPUS:85073480538
VL - 65
SP - S62-S66
JO - The Journal of vitaminology
JF - The Journal of vitaminology
SN - 0301-4800
ER -