Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen and Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Predict Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Following Discharge in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) have a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) death and re-hospitalization. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate predictors of CV death and re-hospitalization for acute decompensate HF (ADHF). Methods and Results: A total of 225 patients aged 67.2±15.2 years, including 134 men (59.6%), who were hospitalized for ADHF between 2008 and 2009, were followed up. After discharge, the relationship between clinical parameters and CV events (ie, CV death or re-hospitalization for HF) was examined. Follow-up was continued until 30 April 2011. The most important predictors of re-hospitalization were serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.03, P=0.01), plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP; adjusted HR, 1.85; 95% CI: 1.12-3.04, P=0.02), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; adjusted HR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-1.00, P=0.049). The only predictor of CV mortality was a high BUN (adjusted HR, 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, P=0.01). Conclusions: High serum BUN (≥22.5 mg/dl), high plasma BNP (≥250 pg/ml), and low DBP (<60 mmHg) predict CV events in patients hospitalized for ADHF. These factors may identify high-risk patients for CV events and provide therapeutic targets for managing HF.