Role of low-temperature oxidation in non-uniform end-gas autoignition and strong pressure wave generation

This study highlights the importance of heat release rate in low-temperature oxidation (LTO) on non-uniform end-gas autoignition and strong pressure wave generation, which are substantially relevant to knocking combustion. The simulations are conducted using the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with detailed transport and chemical kinetics models in a one-dimensional constant-volume reactor. Four fuel/air stoichiometric mixtures, n-butane, i-octane, n-heptane, and dimethyl ether (DME)/air mixtures, are simulated. The results show that larger knocking intensities are produced with n-heptane and DME in their negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regimes because of the stronger non-uniformity of end-gas autoignition. The non-uniformity of end-gas autoignition is enhanced by a pressure wave disturbance that is caused by the rapid temperature rise of the end-gas region in LTO. In particular, the high heat release rate with the DME/air mixture generates a distinct pressure wave disturbance in the reactor, which considerably enhances the non-uniformity of end-gas autoignition through the reflection of the wave at the wall. In contrast, the heat release rate in the n-heptane case is milder than that in the DME case, and therefore, the knocking intensity in the n-heptane case is smaller compared to that of DME due to less enhancement of the non-uniform end-gas autoignition. No large knocking intensities are produced with n-butane and i-octane, which have weak NTC, because of the absence of a temperature rise in LTO. Thus, this study concludes that the high heat release rate in LTO and the generated pressure wave disturbance play a significant role in the generation of large knocking intensities through the enhancement of non-uniform end-gas autoignition.