TY - JOUR
T1 - Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics
AU - Young, Linda
AU - Ueda, Kiyoshi
AU - Gühr, Markus
AU - Bucksbaum, Philip H.
AU - Simon, Marc
AU - Mukamel, Shaul
AU - Rohringer, Nina
AU - Prince, Kevin C.
AU - Masciovecchio, Claudio
AU - Meyer, Michael
AU - Rudenko, Artem
AU - Rolles, Daniel
AU - Bostedt, Christoph
AU - Fuchs, Matthias
AU - Reis, David A.
AU - Santra, Robin
AU - Kapteyn, Henry
AU - Murnane, Margaret
AU - Ibrahim, Heide
AU - Légaré, François
AU - Vrakking, Marc
AU - Isinger, Marcus
AU - Kroon, David
AU - Gisselbrecht, Mathieu
AU - L'Huillier, Anne
AU - Wörner, Hans Jakob
AU - Leone, Stephen R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The author is grateful to all the authors of [2–6, 8, 9] for fruitful collaborations, and the XFEL strategy program of MEXT, five-stars Alliance, and TAGEN project for support.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. MG is funded by the Volkswagen foundation via a Lichtenberg professorship. PHB is supported through the Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science Program.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. Work by MF is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award #DE-SC0016494. Work by DR is supported by the AMOS program within the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Award #DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The authors acknowledge support from the European Research Council, the Swedish Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
Funding Information:
The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive,
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The authors acknowledge support by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-FG02-86ER1349.
Funding Information:
The author gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the Army Research Office, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, as well as important input from group members Peter Kraus, Andrew Attar, Erika Warrick, and Michael Zuerch.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The work described herein was demonstrated over a period >10 years. We gratefully acknowledge funding by the National Science Foundation (ERC ENG-0310717; PHY-1125844; STC DMR-1548924), the Department of Energy (BES AMOS), the DARPA PULSE program (W31P4Q-13-1-0015), and through the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgment. The support of the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy through Award No. DE-FG02-04ER15571 and the National Science Foundation award CHE-1663822 is gratefully acknowledged.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The author acknowledges the invaluable contributions of all his colleagues and co-workers who have contributed to the work summarized here over the past six years, in particular Peter Kraus, Yoann Pertot, Inga Jordan, Martin Huppert, Denitsa Baykusheva, Aaron von Conta, Bruno Schmidt, François Légaré, Cédric Schmidt and Jean-Pierre Wolf. Funding from an ERC starting grant (contract #307270-ATTOSCOPE), the Swiss National Science Foundation and ETH Zürich is gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2018/1/9
Y1 - 2018/1/9
N2 - X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics, largely due to an explosive growth in capabilities in the past decade. XFELs now provide unprecedented intensity (1020 W cm-2) of x-rays at wavelengths down to ∼1 Ångstrom, and HHG provides unprecedented time resolution (∼50 attoseconds) and a correspondingly large coherent bandwidth at longer wavelengths. For context, timescales can be referenced to the Bohr orbital period in hydrogen atom of 150 attoseconds and the hydrogen-molecule vibrational period of 8 femtoseconds; wavelength scales can be referenced to the chemically significant carbon K-edge at a photon energy of ∼280 eV (44 Ångstroms) and the bond length in methane of ∼1 Ångstrom. With these modern x-ray sources one now has the ability to focus on individual atoms, even when embedded in a complex molecule, and view electronic and nuclear motion on their intrinsic scales (attoseconds and Ångstroms). These sources have enabled coherent diffractive imaging, where one can image non-crystalline objects in three dimensions on ultrafast timescales, potentially with atomic resolution. The unprecedented intensity available with XFELs has opened new fields of multiphoton and nonlinear x-ray physics where behavior of matter under extreme conditions can be explored. The unprecedented time resolution and pulse synchronization provided by HHG sources has kindled fundamental investigations of time delays in photoionization, charge migration in molecules, and dynamics near conical intersections that are foundational to AMO physics and chemistry. This roadmap coincides with the year when three new XFEL facilities, operating at Ångstrom wavelengths, opened for users (European XFEL, Swiss-FEL and PAL-FEL in Korea) almost doubling the present worldwide number of XFELs, and documents the remarkable progress in HHG capabilities since its discovery roughly 30 years ago, showcasing experiments in AMO physics and other applications. Here we capture the perspectives of 17 leading groups and organize the contributions into four categories: ultrafast molecular dynamics, multidimensional x-ray spectroscopies; high-intensity x-ray phenomena; attosecond x-ray science.
AB - X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics, largely due to an explosive growth in capabilities in the past decade. XFELs now provide unprecedented intensity (1020 W cm-2) of x-rays at wavelengths down to ∼1 Ångstrom, and HHG provides unprecedented time resolution (∼50 attoseconds) and a correspondingly large coherent bandwidth at longer wavelengths. For context, timescales can be referenced to the Bohr orbital period in hydrogen atom of 150 attoseconds and the hydrogen-molecule vibrational period of 8 femtoseconds; wavelength scales can be referenced to the chemically significant carbon K-edge at a photon energy of ∼280 eV (44 Ångstroms) and the bond length in methane of ∼1 Ångstrom. With these modern x-ray sources one now has the ability to focus on individual atoms, even when embedded in a complex molecule, and view electronic and nuclear motion on their intrinsic scales (attoseconds and Ångstroms). These sources have enabled coherent diffractive imaging, where one can image non-crystalline objects in three dimensions on ultrafast timescales, potentially with atomic resolution. The unprecedented intensity available with XFELs has opened new fields of multiphoton and nonlinear x-ray physics where behavior of matter under extreme conditions can be explored. The unprecedented time resolution and pulse synchronization provided by HHG sources has kindled fundamental investigations of time delays in photoionization, charge migration in molecules, and dynamics near conical intersections that are foundational to AMO physics and chemistry. This roadmap coincides with the year when three new XFEL facilities, operating at Ångstrom wavelengths, opened for users (European XFEL, Swiss-FEL and PAL-FEL in Korea) almost doubling the present worldwide number of XFELs, and documents the remarkable progress in HHG capabilities since its discovery roughly 30 years ago, showcasing experiments in AMO physics and other applications. Here we capture the perspectives of 17 leading groups and organize the contributions into four categories: ultrafast molecular dynamics, multidimensional x-ray spectroscopies; high-intensity x-ray phenomena; attosecond x-ray science.
KW - attosecond phenomena
KW - table-top sources
KW - ultrafast molecular dynamics
KW - x-ray free-electron lasers
KW - x-ray spectroscopies and phenomena
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U2 - 10.1088/1361-6455/aa9735
DO - 10.1088/1361-6455/aa9735
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85040731602
VL - 51
JO - Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
JF - Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
SN - 0953-4075
IS - 3
M1 - 032003
ER -