TY - JOUR
T1 - Responses of the chloroplast glyoxalase system to high CO2 concentrations
AU - Shimakawa, Ginga
AU - Ifuku, Kentaro
AU - Suzuki, Yuji
AU - Makino, Amane
AU - Ishizaki, Kimitsune
AU - Fukayama, Hiroshi
AU - Morita, Ryutaro
AU - Sakamoto, Katsuhiko
AU - Nishi, Akiko
AU - Miyake, Chikahiro
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS; grant no. 26450079 to C.M.), the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (Scientific Research in Innovative Areas, grant no. 22114512 to C.M.), and the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) division of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (Grant No. AL65D21010 to C.M.). G.S. was supported as a JSPS research fellow (Grant No. 16J03443).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Sugar metabolism pathways such as photosynthesis produce dicarbonyls, e.g. methylglyoxal (MG), which can cause cellular damage. The glyoxalase (GLX) system comprises two enzymes GLX1 and GLX2, and detoxifies MG; however, this system is poorly understood in the chloroplast, compared with the cytosol. In the present study, we determined GLX1 and GLX2 activities in spinach chloroplasts, which constituted 40% and 10%, respectively, of the total leaf glyoxalase activity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, five GFP-fusion GLXs were present in the chloroplasts. Under high CO2 concentrations, where increased photosynthesis promotes the MG production, GLX1 and GLX2 activities in A. thaliana increased and the expression of AtGLX1-2 and AtGLX2-5 was enhanced. On the basis of these findings and the phylogeny of GLX in oxygenic phototrophs, we propose that the GLX system scavenges MG produced in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
AB - Sugar metabolism pathways such as photosynthesis produce dicarbonyls, e.g. methylglyoxal (MG), which can cause cellular damage. The glyoxalase (GLX) system comprises two enzymes GLX1 and GLX2, and detoxifies MG; however, this system is poorly understood in the chloroplast, compared with the cytosol. In the present study, we determined GLX1 and GLX2 activities in spinach chloroplasts, which constituted 40% and 10%, respectively, of the total leaf glyoxalase activity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, five GFP-fusion GLXs were present in the chloroplasts. Under high CO2 concentrations, where increased photosynthesis promotes the MG production, GLX1 and GLX2 activities in A. thaliana increased and the expression of AtGLX1-2 and AtGLX2-5 was enhanced. On the basis of these findings and the phylogeny of GLX in oxygenic phototrophs, we propose that the GLX system scavenges MG produced in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
KW - Dicarbonyls
KW - Glyoxalase system
KW - High [CO]
KW - Methylglyoxal
KW - Photosynthesis
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U2 - 10.1080/09168451.2018.1507724
DO - 10.1080/09168451.2018.1507724
M3 - Article
C2 - 30122118
AN - SCOPUS:85056317448
VL - 82
SP - 2072
EP - 2083
JO - Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry
JF - Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry
SN - 0916-8451
IS - 12
ER -