TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent molecular evolution of human metapneumovirus (HMPV)
T2 - Subdivision of HMPV a2b strains
AU - Nao, Naganori
AU - Saikusa, Miwako
AU - Sato, Ko
AU - Sekizuka, Tsuyoshi
AU - Usuku, Shuzo
AU - Tanaka, Nobuko
AU - Nishimura, Hidekazu
AU - Takeda, Makoto
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 17K16289) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) for the Joint Research Program of the Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, to N.N., and grants from the Japanese Initiative for Progress of Research on Infectious Disease for Global Endemic (J-PRIDE and JP19fm0208005) and the Advanced Research and Development for Medical Innovation program (AMED-CREST and JP19gm0910005) to M.T.
Funding Information:
This research was funded by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 17K16289) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) for the Joint Research Program of the Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, to N.N., and grants from the Japanese Initiative for Progress of Research on Infectious Disease for Global Endemic (J-PRIDE and JP19fm0208005) and the Advanced Research and Development for Medical Innovation program (AMED-CREST and JP19gm0910005) to M.T. Computations were partially performed on the NIG supercomputer at ROIS National Institute of Genetics. We thank the patients and staff of the clinics and hospitals that provided the specimens. We are grateful to all members of the Yokohama City Institute of Public Health for their technical support and dedicated assistance. We also thank the laboratory staff of the Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, for technical support and useful discussions, and Katie Oakley, from Edanz Group (https://en-author-services.edanzgroup.com/) for editing a draft of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major etiological agent of acute respiratory infections in humans. HMPV has been circulating worldwide for more than six decades and is currently divided into five agreed-upon subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b, B1, and B2. Recently, the novel HMPV subtypes A2c, A2b1, and A2b2 have been proposed. However, the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between these recently proposed HMPV subtypes are unclear. Here, we report a genome-wide phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of 161 HMPV strains, including unique HMPV subtype A2b strains with a 180-or 111-nucleotide duplication in the G gene (nt-dup). Our data demonstrate that the HMPV A2b subtype contains two distinct subtypes, A2b1 and A2b2, and that the HMPV subtypes A2c and A2b2 may be different names for the same subtype. HMPV A2b strains with a nt-dup also belong to subtype A2b2. Molecular evolutionary analyses indicate that subtypes A2b1 and A2b2 diverged from subtype A2b around a decade after the subtype A2 was divided into the subtypes A2a and A2b. These data support the A2b1 and A2b2 subtypes proposed in 2012 and are essential for the unified classification of HMPV subtype A2 strains, which is important for future HMPV surveillance and epidemiological studies.
AB - Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major etiological agent of acute respiratory infections in humans. HMPV has been circulating worldwide for more than six decades and is currently divided into five agreed-upon subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b, B1, and B2. Recently, the novel HMPV subtypes A2c, A2b1, and A2b2 have been proposed. However, the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between these recently proposed HMPV subtypes are unclear. Here, we report a genome-wide phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of 161 HMPV strains, including unique HMPV subtype A2b strains with a 180-or 111-nucleotide duplication in the G gene (nt-dup). Our data demonstrate that the HMPV A2b subtype contains two distinct subtypes, A2b1 and A2b2, and that the HMPV subtypes A2c and A2b2 may be different names for the same subtype. HMPV A2b strains with a nt-dup also belong to subtype A2b2. Molecular evolutionary analyses indicate that subtypes A2b1 and A2b2 diverged from subtype A2b around a decade after the subtype A2 was divided into the subtypes A2a and A2b. These data support the A2b1 and A2b2 subtypes proposed in 2012 and are essential for the unified classification of HMPV subtype A2 strains, which is important for future HMPV surveillance and epidemiological studies.
KW - HMPV
KW - Human metapneumovirus
KW - Molecular epidemiology
KW - Molecular evolution
KW - Nucleotide duplication
KW - Subtyping
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U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms8091280
DO - 10.3390/microorganisms8091280
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85089683533
VL - 8
SP - 1
EP - 14
JO - Microorganisms
JF - Microorganisms
SN - 2076-2607
IS - 9
M1 - 1280
ER -