TY - JOUR
T1 - Polymorphisms of E1 and GIGANTEA in wild populations of Lotus japonicus
AU - Wakabayashi, Tomomi
AU - Oh, Hana
AU - Kawaguchi, Masayoshi
AU - Harada, Kyuya
AU - Sato, Shusei
AU - Ikeda, Hajime
AU - Hiroaki, Setoguchi
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments We express our appreciation to the National Bioresource Project (Legume Base), University of Miyazaki, Japan, for providing the seeds of Lotus japonicus, and members of the Se-toguchi laboratory for their support. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Nos. 24247013, 23128508, and 25128708 to H.S and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, ‘‘Genetic Bases for the Evolution of Complex Adaptive Traits’’ from the Japan Society.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, The Botanical Society of Japan and Springer Japan.
PY - 2014/10/30
Y1 - 2014/10/30
N2 - In plants, timing of flowering is an essential factor that controls the survival rates of descendants. The circadian clock genes E1 and GIGANTEA (GI) play a central role in transmitting signals to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in leguminous plants. Lotus japonicus is a wild Japanese species that ranges from northern Hokkaido to the southern Ryukyus and exhibits a wide range in terms of the time between seeding and first flowering. In this study, we first identified LjGI and analyzed polymorphisms of LjE1 and LjGI among wild populations covering the entire distribution range of this species in Japan. LjGI had a coding sequence (CDS) length of 3495 bp and included 14 exons. The homologies of DNA and amino acid sequences between LjGI and GmGI were 89 and 88 % (positive rate was 92 %), respectively. LjE1 harbored five nucleic acid changes in a 552 bp CDS, all of which were nonsynonymous; four of the changes were located in the core function area. LjE1 alleles exhibited partial north–south differentiation and non-neutrality. In contrast, the LjGI harbored one synonymous and one nonsynonymous change. Thus, our study suggests that LjE1 may be involved in the control of flowering times, whereas LjGI may be under strong purifying selection.
AB - In plants, timing of flowering is an essential factor that controls the survival rates of descendants. The circadian clock genes E1 and GIGANTEA (GI) play a central role in transmitting signals to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in leguminous plants. Lotus japonicus is a wild Japanese species that ranges from northern Hokkaido to the southern Ryukyus and exhibits a wide range in terms of the time between seeding and first flowering. In this study, we first identified LjGI and analyzed polymorphisms of LjE1 and LjGI among wild populations covering the entire distribution range of this species in Japan. LjGI had a coding sequence (CDS) length of 3495 bp and included 14 exons. The homologies of DNA and amino acid sequences between LjGI and GmGI were 89 and 88 % (positive rate was 92 %), respectively. LjE1 harbored five nucleic acid changes in a 552 bp CDS, all of which were nonsynonymous; four of the changes were located in the core function area. LjE1 alleles exhibited partial north–south differentiation and non-neutrality. In contrast, the LjGI harbored one synonymous and one nonsynonymous change. Thus, our study suggests that LjE1 may be involved in the control of flowering times, whereas LjGI may be under strong purifying selection.
KW - Circadian clock
KW - E1
KW - GIGANTEA
KW - Lotus japonicus
KW - Nonsynonymous change
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U2 - 10.1007/s10265-014-0649-8
DO - 10.1007/s10265-014-0649-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 25117507
AN - SCOPUS:84911944443
VL - 127
SP - 651
EP - 660
JO - Journal of Plant Research
JF - Journal of Plant Research
SN - 0918-9440
IS - 6
ER -