Plasma-membrane-associated sialidase (NEU3) differentially regulates integrin-mediated cell proliferation through laminin- and fibronectin-derived signalling

We have found previously that human plasma-membrane-associated sialidase (NEU3), a key glycosidase for ganglioside degradation, was markedly up-regulated in human colon cancers, with an involvement in suppression of apoptosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying increased NEU3 expression, in the present study we investigated its role in cell adhesion of human colon cancer cells. DLD-1 cells transfected with NEU3 exhibited increased adhesion to laminins and consequent cell proliferation, but decreased cell adhesion to fibronectin and collagens I and IV, compared with control cells. When triggered by laminins, NEU3 clearly stimulated phosphorylation of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase), whereas there was no activation on fibronectin. NEU3 markedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of integrin β4 with recruitment of Shc and Grb-2 only on laminin-5, and NEU3 was co-immunoprecipitated by an anti-(integrin β4) antibody, suggesting that association of NEU3 with integrin β4 might facilitate promotion of the integrin-derived signalling on laminin-5. In addition, the promotion of phosphorylation of integrin β1 and ILK (integrin-linked kinase) was also observed on laminins. G_M3 depletion as the result of NEU3 overexpression, assessed by TLC, appeared to be one of the causes of the increased adhesion on laminins and, in contrast, of the decreased adhesion on fibronectin - NEU3 probably having bimodal effects. These results indicate that NEU3 differentially regulates cell proliferation through integrin-mediated signalling depending on the extracellular matrix and, on laminins, NEU3 did indeed activate molecules often up-regulated in carcinogenesis, which may cause an acceleration of the malignant phenotype in cancer cells.