TY - JOUR
T1 - Phosphonocarboxylates Can Protect Mice against the Inflammatory and Necrotic Side Effects of Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates by Inhibiting Their Entry into Cells via Phosphate Transporters
AU - Kiyama, Tomomi
AU - Tsuchiya, Masahiro
AU - Okada, Satoru
AU - Oizumi, Takefumi
AU - Yamaguchi, Kouji
AU - Sasaki, Keiichi
AU - Sugawara, Shunji
AU - Endo, Yasuo
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24659835, 24592978, and 25861910) and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). The authors are grateful to Dr. Robert Timms (Birmingham, U.K.) for English language editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
PY - 2016/5/1
Y1 - 2016/5/1
N2 - Bisphosphonates (BPs) are used against diseases involving increased bone-resorption. Among BPs, nitrogencontaining BPs (N-BPs) have much stronger anti-bone-resorptive effects than non-nitrogen-containing BPs (non-N-BPs). However, N-BPs carry the risk of inflammatory/necrotic effects, including osteonecrosis of jawbones. When injected into mouse ear-pinnas, N-BPs induce inflammatory/necrotic effects within the ear-pinna. We previously found that (a) the non-N-BPs clodronate and etidronate can reduce such side effects of N-BPs, and (b) phosphonoformate (an inhibitor of the phosphate transporters SLC20 and SLC34) can reduce the inflammatory/necrotic effects of zoledronate (the N-BP with the highest reported risk of side effects). However, it is not clear (i) whether phosphonoformate can reduce the side effects of other N-BPs, too, and (ii) whether other phosphonocarboxylates have such inhibitory effects. Here, using the mouse ear-pinna model, we compared the effects of etidronate, clodronate, and four phosphonocarboxylates on the inflammatory/necrotic effects of N-BPs of the alkyl type (alendronate) or cyclic type (zoledronate and minodronate). Like phosphonoformate, the other three phosphonocarboxylates protected against the inflammatory/necrotic effects of all the N-BPs. The protective potencies were clodronate>etidronate>phosphonoacetate>phosphonoformate> phosphonopropionate>phosphonobutyrate. With a similar order of potencies, these agents reduced the amount of3 H-alendronate retained within the ear-pinna after its injection therein. The mRNAs of SLC20 and SLC34 were detected in untreated ear-pinnas. These findings suggest that the inhibition of phosphate transporters by phosphonocarboxylates, as well as by etidronate and clodronate, might be a useful preventive strategy against the side effects of both alkyl- and cyclic-type N-BPs.
AB - Bisphosphonates (BPs) are used against diseases involving increased bone-resorption. Among BPs, nitrogencontaining BPs (N-BPs) have much stronger anti-bone-resorptive effects than non-nitrogen-containing BPs (non-N-BPs). However, N-BPs carry the risk of inflammatory/necrotic effects, including osteonecrosis of jawbones. When injected into mouse ear-pinnas, N-BPs induce inflammatory/necrotic effects within the ear-pinna. We previously found that (a) the non-N-BPs clodronate and etidronate can reduce such side effects of N-BPs, and (b) phosphonoformate (an inhibitor of the phosphate transporters SLC20 and SLC34) can reduce the inflammatory/necrotic effects of zoledronate (the N-BP with the highest reported risk of side effects). However, it is not clear (i) whether phosphonoformate can reduce the side effects of other N-BPs, too, and (ii) whether other phosphonocarboxylates have such inhibitory effects. Here, using the mouse ear-pinna model, we compared the effects of etidronate, clodronate, and four phosphonocarboxylates on the inflammatory/necrotic effects of N-BPs of the alkyl type (alendronate) or cyclic type (zoledronate and minodronate). Like phosphonoformate, the other three phosphonocarboxylates protected against the inflammatory/necrotic effects of all the N-BPs. The protective potencies were clodronate>etidronate>phosphonoacetate>phosphonoformate> phosphonopropionate>phosphonobutyrate. With a similar order of potencies, these agents reduced the amount of3 H-alendronate retained within the ear-pinna after its injection therein. The mRNAs of SLC20 and SLC34 were detected in untreated ear-pinnas. These findings suggest that the inhibition of phosphate transporters by phosphonocarboxylates, as well as by etidronate and clodronate, might be a useful preventive strategy against the side effects of both alkyl- and cyclic-type N-BPs.
KW - Bisphosphonate side effect
KW - Phosphate transporter
KW - Phosphonoacetate
KW - Phosphonocarboxylate
KW - Phosphonoformate
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U2 - 10.1248/bpb.b15-00770
DO - 10.1248/bpb.b15-00770
M3 - Article
C2 - 27150143
AN - SCOPUS:84968764897
VL - 39
SP - 712
EP - 720
JO - Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
JF - Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
SN - 0918-6158
IS - 5
ER -