TY - JOUR
T1 - Phase relations and melting of carbonated peridotite between 10 and 20 GPa
T2 - A proxy for alkali- and CO2-rich silicate melts in the deep mantle
AU - Ghosh, Sujoy
AU - Litasov, Konstantin
AU - Ohtani, Eiji
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments We thank Christian Liebske and Vincenzo Stagno for the discussion. S.G. gratefully acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sport, and Technology, Japan, for providing him the Monbukagakusho Fellowship. The experiments were conducted when S.G. was at Tohoku University, while most of the manuscript was written while S.G. was at ETH Zürich. We greatly appreciate thoughtful reviews by Audrey M. Martin and two anonymous reviewers and Arno Rohrbach for comments on an early version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the grants in aid for Scientific Research from Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sport, and Technology of Japanese Government (Nos. 18,104,009 and 22000002) to E. O., and conducted as a part of the twenty-first Century-of-Excellence program, ‘‘Advanced Science and Technology Center for the Dynamic Earth’’ and Global Center of Excellence program, ‘‘Global Education and Research Center for the Earth and Planetary Dynamics’’ at Tohoku University. At ETH Zürich, S.G. was supported by a SNF grant (# 200020-130100/1), which is gratefully acknowledged. This work is partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation grant to E.O. (No 14.B25.31.0032).
PY - 2014/2
Y1 - 2014/2
N2 - We determined the melting phase relations, melt compositions, and melting reactions of carbonated peridotite on two carbonate-bearing peridotite compositions (ACP: alkali-rich peridotite + 5.0 wt % CO2 and PERC: fertile peridotite + 2.5 wt % CO2) at 10-20 GPa and 1,500-2,100 °C and constrain isopleths of the CO2 contents in the silicate melts in the deep mantle. At 10-20 GPa, near-solidus (ACP: 1,400-1,630 °C) carbonatitic melts with < 10 wt % SiO2 and > 40 wt % CO2 gradually change to carbonated silicate melts with > 25 wt % SiO2 and < 25 wt % CO2 between 1,480 and 1,670 °C in the presence of residual majorite garnet, olivine/wadsleyite, and clinoenstatite/clinopyroxene. With increasing degrees of melting, the melt composition changes to an alkali- and CO2-rich silicate melt (Mg# = 83.7-91.6; ~ 26-36 wt % MgO; ~ 24-43 wt % SiO2; ~ 4-13 wt % CaO; ~ 0.6-3.1 wt % Na2O; and ~ 0.5-3.2 wt % K2O; ~ 6.4-38.4 wt % CO2). The temperature of the first appearance of CO2-rich silicate melt at 10-20 GPa is ~ 440-470 °C lower than the solidus of volatile-free peridotite. Garnet + wadsleyite + clinoenstatite + carbonatitic melt controls initial carbonated silicate melting at a pressure < 15 GPa, whereas garnet + wadsleyite/ringwoodite + carbonatitic melt dominates at pressure > 15 GPa. Similar to hydrous peridotite, majorite garnet is a liquidus phase in carbonated peridotites (ACP and PERC) at 10-20 GPa. The liquidus is likely to be at ~ 2,050 °C or higher at pressures of the present study, which gives a melting interval of more than 670 °C in carbonated peridotite systems. Alkali-rich carbonated silicate melts may thus be produced through partial melting of carbonated peridotite to 20 GPa at near mantle adiabat or even at plume temperature. These alkali- and CO2-rich silicate melts can percolate upward and may react with volatile-rich materials accumulate at the top of transition zone near 410-km depth. If these refertilized domains migrate upward and convect out of the zone of metal saturation, CO2 and H2O flux melting can take place and kimberlite parental magmas can be generated. These mechanisms might be important for mantle dynamics and are potentially effective metasomatic processes in the deep mantle.
AB - We determined the melting phase relations, melt compositions, and melting reactions of carbonated peridotite on two carbonate-bearing peridotite compositions (ACP: alkali-rich peridotite + 5.0 wt % CO2 and PERC: fertile peridotite + 2.5 wt % CO2) at 10-20 GPa and 1,500-2,100 °C and constrain isopleths of the CO2 contents in the silicate melts in the deep mantle. At 10-20 GPa, near-solidus (ACP: 1,400-1,630 °C) carbonatitic melts with < 10 wt % SiO2 and > 40 wt % CO2 gradually change to carbonated silicate melts with > 25 wt % SiO2 and < 25 wt % CO2 between 1,480 and 1,670 °C in the presence of residual majorite garnet, olivine/wadsleyite, and clinoenstatite/clinopyroxene. With increasing degrees of melting, the melt composition changes to an alkali- and CO2-rich silicate melt (Mg# = 83.7-91.6; ~ 26-36 wt % MgO; ~ 24-43 wt % SiO2; ~ 4-13 wt % CaO; ~ 0.6-3.1 wt % Na2O; and ~ 0.5-3.2 wt % K2O; ~ 6.4-38.4 wt % CO2). The temperature of the first appearance of CO2-rich silicate melt at 10-20 GPa is ~ 440-470 °C lower than the solidus of volatile-free peridotite. Garnet + wadsleyite + clinoenstatite + carbonatitic melt controls initial carbonated silicate melting at a pressure < 15 GPa, whereas garnet + wadsleyite/ringwoodite + carbonatitic melt dominates at pressure > 15 GPa. Similar to hydrous peridotite, majorite garnet is a liquidus phase in carbonated peridotites (ACP and PERC) at 10-20 GPa. The liquidus is likely to be at ~ 2,050 °C or higher at pressures of the present study, which gives a melting interval of more than 670 °C in carbonated peridotite systems. Alkali-rich carbonated silicate melts may thus be produced through partial melting of carbonated peridotite to 20 GPa at near mantle adiabat or even at plume temperature. These alkali- and CO2-rich silicate melts can percolate upward and may react with volatile-rich materials accumulate at the top of transition zone near 410-km depth. If these refertilized domains migrate upward and convect out of the zone of metal saturation, CO2 and H2O flux melting can take place and kimberlite parental magmas can be generated. These mechanisms might be important for mantle dynamics and are potentially effective metasomatic processes in the deep mantle.
KW - Carbonated peridotite
KW - Experimental petrology
KW - Kimberlite
KW - Metasomatism
KW - Partial melting
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U2 - 10.1007/s00410-014-0964-z
DO - 10.1007/s00410-014-0964-z
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84893189492
VL - 167
SP - 1
EP - 23
JO - Contributions of Mineralogy and Petrology
JF - Contributions of Mineralogy and Petrology
SN - 0010-7999
IS - 2
M1 - 964
ER -