On the zirconium oxide neutral cluster distribution in the gas phase: Detection through 118 nm single photon, and 193 and 355 nm multiphoton, ionization

Zirconium oxide neutral clusters distribution in the gas phase was demonstrated by high energy single photon and low intensity photoionization. Clusters were ionized with 118nm laser radiation through a single photon ionization mechanism, while multiphoton ionization mechanism was used to ionize by 193 and 355 nm laser radiation. It was observed that fragmentation along with neutral cluster ionization could be generated by multiphoton ionization of clusters with 193 and 355 nm laser radiation at moderate energy/pulses. It was also obserevd that individual laser pulses can generate widths as small as a few ns or less due to the laser mode structure.