TY - JOUR
T1 - Occurrence of 11-oxotetrodotoxin in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, and further studies on the levels of tetrodotoxin and its analogues in the newt's efts
AU - Yotsu-Yamashita, Mari
AU - Mebs, Dietrich
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Dr H.M.Wilbur, Mountain Lake Biological Station, University of Virginia, for providing the opportunity to collect the newts. This work was supported in part by a grant of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to D.M., by Grants-in Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (Nos. 13024210 and 14560080) M.Y.Y.
PY - 2003/6/1
Y1 - 2003/6/1
N2 - An analogue of tetrodotoxin (TTX), 11-oxoTTX, was semi-purified from the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, and identified by ESI-MS and 1H NMR spectra. The levels of TTX, 11-oxoTTX and 6-epiTTX in early stage of development (efts) of this newt were investigated by a post-column fluorescent-HPLC system, and compared with those of adult newts. The level of 11-oxoTTX in both of adults and efts were remarkably high, almost close to those of TTX, while 6-epiTTX was a minor component in both stages. The level of 6-epiTTX in efts (1.8±1.3 μg/g, SD, n=10) was significantly larger than that in adults (0.51±0.26 μg/g, SD, n=12) (p<0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the levels of TTX and 11-oxoTTX between efts (13±7.4 and 9.1±5.6 μg/g) and adult newts (16±6.3 and 13±6.2 μg/g, respectively) (p>0.05).
AB - An analogue of tetrodotoxin (TTX), 11-oxoTTX, was semi-purified from the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, and identified by ESI-MS and 1H NMR spectra. The levels of TTX, 11-oxoTTX and 6-epiTTX in early stage of development (efts) of this newt were investigated by a post-column fluorescent-HPLC system, and compared with those of adult newts. The level of 11-oxoTTX in both of adults and efts were remarkably high, almost close to those of TTX, while 6-epiTTX was a minor component in both stages. The level of 6-epiTTX in efts (1.8±1.3 μg/g, SD, n=10) was significantly larger than that in adults (0.51±0.26 μg/g, SD, n=12) (p<0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the levels of TTX and 11-oxoTTX between efts (13±7.4 and 9.1±5.6 μg/g) and adult newts (16±6.3 and 13±6.2 μg/g, respectively) (p>0.05).
KW - 11-oxotetrodotoxin
KW - 6-epitetrodotoxin
KW - Newt
KW - Notophthalmus viridescens
KW - Tetrodotoxin
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U2 - 10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00068-0
DO - 10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00068-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 12782090
AN - SCOPUS:0038019958
SN - 0041-0101
VL - 41
SP - 893
EP - 897
JO - Toxicon
JF - Toxicon
IS - 7
ER -