Numerical analysis on the impact behavior of molten metal droplets using a modified splat-quench solidification model

A simple model is formulated for the analysis of the spreading and solidification processes of a molten metal droplet impinging on a solid substrate. At the first stage, the model evaluates the diameter and the radial velocity of the spreading molten metal layer at the instant t₀ = D/W from the start of impact using analytical relations. Here D and W are, respectively, the diameter and the velocity of the impinging droplet. Numerical predictions on the evolution of the spreading metal layer are obtained by using a modified splat-quench solidification model with initial conditions described at the instant t₀ = D/W. The model predictions are compared with the experimental data available from the literature. A systematic parametric study is carried out to illustrate the model predictions at different impinging conditions.