Nuclear-spin-lattice relaxation in a ν = 1 bilayer quantum Hall system

We examined the electron spin degree of freedom around the total Landau-level filling factor ν = 1 in a bilayer system via nuclear spins. In a balanced bilayer system, nuclear-spin-lattice relaxation rate 1 / T₁, which probes low-energy electron spin fluctuations, increases gradually as the system is driven from the quantum Hall (QH) state through a phase transition to the compressible state. This result demonstrates that the electron spin degree of freedom is not frozen either in the QH or compressible states. Furthermore, as the density difference between the two layers is increased from balanced bilayer to monolayer configurations, 1 / T₁ around ν = 1 shows a rapid yet smooth increase. This suggests that pseudospin textures around the bilayer ν = 1 system evolves continuously into the spin texture for the monolayer system.