TY - GEN
T1 - Novel waste processing by means of mechanochemical treatment
AU - Zhang, Qiwu
AU - Saito, Fumio
PY - 2007/1/1
Y1 - 2007/1/1
N2 - As the extension of mineral processing, recycling metals from wastes is very important for a sustainable society. We have been working on mechanochemistry and its engineering applications. One of the applications is to recover and separate useful components from different kinds of wastes emitted in our society. When a waste sample is subjected to grinding in air so called mechanical treatment, it changes its structure to disordered system, resulting in chemical reactions with other substances when it takes over the certain level of energy. Depending on the existing states of target elements in the wastes, mechanical activation and mechanochemical (MC) reaction can be applied for the recycling of useful compositions and a process based on MC treatment has been developed. We will report several examples from our research experiences at the conference. The first example is to recover rare earths from fluorescent powders in waste lamps. The waste is firstly subjected to dry grinding to cause amorphization of their structures. This amorphization makes it possible to dissolve the rare earths from the waste at high yield by leaching with mild acid solution at room temperature. Similar phenomenon can be seen in the case of ITO (indium tin oxide) scrap when it is ground, followed by leaching with acid solution. In this case, dry grinding the scrap induces disordering the In 2O3 in the scrap, leading to high dissolution of In 2O3 by leaching with weak acid solution at room temperature. The presence of alumina (α-Al2O3) in the scrap plays a significant role to the amorphization. Another advanced waste processing is to recover molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) sulphide in catalysts in oil refineries. The processing is based on MC reactions between the sulphides and additives. That is, the sulphides are subjected to dry grinding with additives such as CaO, MnO2 and Na2CO 3 to transform them into molybdate and vanadate. Subsequent water leaching allows us to recover Mo and V from the ground product. Other successful example is dry grinding metals or their oxides with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to transform into chlorides, which dissolve easily in water at ambient condition. The waste processing described above is now in the investigation on industrial applications, and this is a great expectation in the field of industries which emit such waste materials.
AB - As the extension of mineral processing, recycling metals from wastes is very important for a sustainable society. We have been working on mechanochemistry and its engineering applications. One of the applications is to recover and separate useful components from different kinds of wastes emitted in our society. When a waste sample is subjected to grinding in air so called mechanical treatment, it changes its structure to disordered system, resulting in chemical reactions with other substances when it takes over the certain level of energy. Depending on the existing states of target elements in the wastes, mechanical activation and mechanochemical (MC) reaction can be applied for the recycling of useful compositions and a process based on MC treatment has been developed. We will report several examples from our research experiences at the conference. The first example is to recover rare earths from fluorescent powders in waste lamps. The waste is firstly subjected to dry grinding to cause amorphization of their structures. This amorphization makes it possible to dissolve the rare earths from the waste at high yield by leaching with mild acid solution at room temperature. Similar phenomenon can be seen in the case of ITO (indium tin oxide) scrap when it is ground, followed by leaching with acid solution. In this case, dry grinding the scrap induces disordering the In 2O3 in the scrap, leading to high dissolution of In 2O3 by leaching with weak acid solution at room temperature. The presence of alumina (α-Al2O3) in the scrap plays a significant role to the amorphization. Another advanced waste processing is to recover molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) sulphide in catalysts in oil refineries. The processing is based on MC reactions between the sulphides and additives. That is, the sulphides are subjected to dry grinding with additives such as CaO, MnO2 and Na2CO 3 to transform them into molybdate and vanadate. Subsequent water leaching allows us to recover Mo and V from the ground product. Other successful example is dry grinding metals or their oxides with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to transform into chlorides, which dissolve easily in water at ambient condition. The waste processing described above is now in the investigation on industrial applications, and this is a great expectation in the field of industries which emit such waste materials.
KW - Dechlorination
KW - Mechanochemical
KW - Rare metals
KW - Recycling
KW - Solid-state reaction
KW - Wastes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=38349180495&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=38349180495&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4028/0-87849-462-6.1569
DO - 10.4028/0-87849-462-6.1569
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:38349180495
SN - 0878494626
SN - 9780878494620
T3 - Materials Science Forum
SP - 1569
EP - 1573
BT - Selected, peer reviewed papers from The Sixth Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, PRICM 6
PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd
T2 - 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, PRICM 6
Y2 - 5 November 2007 through 9 November 2007
ER -