TY - JOUR
T1 - Neoxanthin and fucoxanthin induce apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells
AU - Kotake-Nara, Eiichi
AU - Asai, Akira
AU - Nagao, Akihiko
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the Food Research Project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestries, and Fisheries of Japan and by Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists.
PY - 2005/3/18
Y1 - 2005/3/18
N2 - Neoxanthin and fucoxanthin, which have the characteristic structure of 5,6-monoepoxide and an allenic bond, were previously found to reduce the viability of human prostate cancer cells most intensively among 15 dietary carotenoids tested. In the present study, the induction of apoptosis in PC-3 cells by these two carotenoids was characterized by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, an increased percentage of hypodiploid cells, and cleavages of caspase-3 and PARP. The ratio of apoptotic cells reached more than 30% after treatment for 48 h with 20 μM carotenoids. They reduced the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, but not Bcl-XL. Fucoxanthin accumulated in the cells at the same level as neoxanthin. Moreover, fucoxanthinol, a deacetylated product of fucoxanthin, formed in the cells treated with fucoxanthin and reached a level comparable to that of fucoxanthin after incubation for 24 h. Treatment by fucoxanthinol alone also induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Thus, neoxanthin and fucoxanthin treatments were found to induce apoptosis through caspase-3 activation in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.
AB - Neoxanthin and fucoxanthin, which have the characteristic structure of 5,6-monoepoxide and an allenic bond, were previously found to reduce the viability of human prostate cancer cells most intensively among 15 dietary carotenoids tested. In the present study, the induction of apoptosis in PC-3 cells by these two carotenoids was characterized by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, an increased percentage of hypodiploid cells, and cleavages of caspase-3 and PARP. The ratio of apoptotic cells reached more than 30% after treatment for 48 h with 20 μM carotenoids. They reduced the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, but not Bcl-XL. Fucoxanthin accumulated in the cells at the same level as neoxanthin. Moreover, fucoxanthinol, a deacetylated product of fucoxanthin, formed in the cells treated with fucoxanthin and reached a level comparable to that of fucoxanthin after incubation for 24 h. Treatment by fucoxanthinol alone also induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Thus, neoxanthin and fucoxanthin treatments were found to induce apoptosis through caspase-3 activation in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Carotenoid
KW - Fucoxanthin
KW - Fucoxanthinol
KW - Neoxanthin
KW - Prostate cancer cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=14644445985&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=14644445985&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.048
DO - 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.048
M3 - Article
C2 - 15737690
AN - SCOPUS:14644445985
VL - 220
SP - 75
EP - 84
JO - Cancer Letters
JF - Cancer Letters
SN - 0304-3835
IS - 1
ER -
