@article{a68c386f1a1b43c09a1408a8a5833e53,
title = "Nanoplasma formation by high intensity hard X-rays",
abstract = "Using electron spectroscopy, we have investigated nanoplasma formation from noble gas clusters exposed to high-intensity hard-X-ray pulses at ∼5 keV. Our experiment was carried out at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan. Dedicated theoretical simulations were performed with the molecular dynamics tool XMDYN. We found that in this unprecedented wavelength regime nanoplasma formation is a highly indirect process. In the argon clusters investigated, nanoplasma is mainly formed through secondary electron cascading initiated by slow Auger electrons. Energy is distributed within the sample entirely through Auger processes and secondary electron cascading following photoabsorption, as in the hard X-ray regime there is no direct energy transfer from the field to the plasma. This plasma formation mechanism is specific to the hard-X-ray regime and may, thus, also be important for XFEL-based molecular imaging studies. In xenon clusters, photo-and Auger electrons contribute more significantly to the nanoplasma formation. Good agreement between experiment and simulations validates our modelling approach. This has wide-ranging implications for our ability to quantitatively predict the behavior of complex molecular systems irradiated by high-intensity hard X-rays.",
author = "T. Tachibana and Z. Jurek and H. Fukuzawa and K. Motomura and K. Nagaya and S. Wada and P. Johnsson and M. Siano and S. Mondal and Y. Ito and M. Kimura and T. Sakai and K. Matsunami and H. Hayashita and J. Kajikawa and Liu, {X. J.} and E. Robert and C. Miron and R. Feifel and Marangos, {J. P.} and K. Tono and Y. Inubushi and M. Yabashi and Son, {S. K.} and B. Ziaja and M. Yao and R. Santra and K. Ueda",
note = "Funding Information: The experiments were performed at SACLA with the approval of JASRI and the program review committee (No. 2012A8036). This study was supported by the X-ray Free Electron Laser Utilization Research Project and the X-ray Free Electron Laser Priority Strategy Program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant No. 21244062, No. 23241033, by MEXT KAKENHI Grant No. 22740264, by the Proposal Program of SACLA Experimental Instruments of RIKEN, and by the IMRAM project. P.J. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. S.M. acknowledges financial support from JSPS. C.M., E.R., and X.J.L. acknowledge a public grant from the Laboratoire dExcellence Physics Atoms Light Matter (LabEx PALM) overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the Investissements dAvenir program (reference: ANR-10-LABX-0039) and support from the European COST action CM1204XUV/X-ray light and fast ions for ultrafast chemistry (XLIC). R.F. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council (VR) for financial support.",
year = "2015",
month = jun,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1038/srep10977",
language = "English",
volume = "5",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
}