LPS-induced platelet response and rapid shock in mice: Contribution of O-antigen region of LPS and involvement of the lectin pathway of the complement system

Intravenous injection of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice induces a rapid accumulation of platelets in the lung and liver. When degradation of the accumulated platelets occurs, anaphylactoid shock follows rapidly, the severity of the shock paralleling the quantity of platelets accumulated in the lung. Here we examined the contributions made by LPS structure and the complement system to the platelet response to LPS. BALB/c mice were injected with an LPS from Escherichia coli 08, 09, 0111, or K-12, or from recombinant mutants of K-12. The O-regions of the 08 and 09 LPSs consist of a mannose homopolysaccharide (MHP), while that of 0111 consists of a heteropolysaccharide (not including mannose), and K-12 LPS lacks an O-region. 0111 LPS was devoid of the ability to induce the platelet response or shock, while the ability of K-12 LPS was weak. The 2 recombinant LPSs-each having an O 0-region (from 08 or 09) linked to K-12 LPS - exhibited activities similar to or stronger than those of their original LPSs. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complexed with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) bound strongly to LPSs containing MHP and caused C4 activation. Moreover, the abilities of these LPSs to activate the complement system corresponded well with their abilities to induce the platelet response and rapid shock. These results suggest that the structure of the O-antigen region is important for the platelet response to LPS, and that activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system is involved in this response.