TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-Temperature Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Catalyzed by Sodium-Based Ingredients
AU - Li, Richard
AU - Antunes, Erica F.
AU - Kalfon-Cohen, Estelle
AU - Kudo, Akira
AU - Acauan, Luiz
AU - Yang, Wei Chang D.
AU - Wang, Canhui
AU - Cui, Kehang
AU - Liotta, Andrew H.
AU - Rajan, Ananth Govind
AU - Gardener, Jules
AU - Bell, David C.
AU - Strano, Michael S.
AU - Liddle, J. Alexander
AU - Sharma, Renu
AU - Wardle, Brian L.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Mike Kinsella of TohoTenax Corporation for his valuable collaboration and donation of carbon fiber, Dr. Alline Myers at NIST for her assistance in performing ex situ scanning transmission electron microscopy, as well as Dr. Stephen A. Steiner III, Dr. Jeonyoon Lee, Reed Kopp, and Thalia Rubio for their reviews of the manuscript. This work was supported by Airbus, Boeing, Embraer, Lockheed Martin, Saab AB, ANSYS, Saertex, and TohoTenax through MIT's Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace STructures (NECST) Consortium. R.L. was supported by the NASA Space Technology Research Fellowships (NSTRF). E.F.A. was partially supported by the Science Without Borders program of The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq # 232426/2013-9). W.-C.D.Y. and C.W. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB14H209, through the University of Maryland. This work made use of the Shared Experimental Facilities supported in part by: the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-0819762, the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, under contract number W911NF-13-D-0001, and the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award no. 1541959. CNS is part of Harvard University.
Funding Information:
We thank Mike Kinsella of TohoTenax Corporation for his valuable collaboration and donation of carbon fiber, Dr. Alline Myers at NIST for her assistance in performing ex situ scanning transmission electron microscopy, as well as Dr. Stephen A. Steiner III, Dr. Jeonyoon Lee, Reed Kopp, and Thalia Rubio for their reviews of the manuscript. This work was supported by Airbus, Boeing, Embraer, Lockheed Martin, Saab AB, ANSYS, Saertex, and TohoTenax through MIT≫s Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace STructures (NECST) Consortium. R.L. was supported by the NASA Space Technology Research Fellowships (NSTRF). E.F.A. was partially supported by the Science Without Borders program of The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq # 232426/2013-9). W.-C.D.Y. and C.W. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB14H209, through the University of Maryland. This work made use of the Shared Experimental Facilities supported in part by: the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-0819762, the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, under contract number W911NF-13-D-0001, and the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award no. 1541959. CNS is part of Harvard University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Synthesis of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a key driver for achieving advances in energy storage, computing, and multifunctional composites, among other applications. Here, we report high-yield thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of CNTs catalyzed by reagent-grade common sodium-containing compounds, including NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaOH, found in table salt, baking soda, and detergents, respectively. Coupled with an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction to crack acetylene at reduced temperatures, Na-based nanoparticles have been observed to catalyze CNT growth at temperatures below 400 °C. Ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal unique CNT morphologies and growth characteristics, including a vaporizing Na catalyst phenomenon that we leverage to create CNTs without residual catalyst particles for applications that require metal-free CNTs. Na is shown to synthesize CNTs on numerous substrates, and as the first alkali group metal catalyst demonstrated for CNT growth, holds great promise for expanding the understanding of nanocarbon synthesis.
AB - Synthesis of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a key driver for achieving advances in energy storage, computing, and multifunctional composites, among other applications. Here, we report high-yield thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of CNTs catalyzed by reagent-grade common sodium-containing compounds, including NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaOH, found in table salt, baking soda, and detergents, respectively. Coupled with an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction to crack acetylene at reduced temperatures, Na-based nanoparticles have been observed to catalyze CNT growth at temperatures below 400 °C. Ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal unique CNT morphologies and growth characteristics, including a vaporizing Na catalyst phenomenon that we leverage to create CNTs without residual catalyst particles for applications that require metal-free CNTs. Na is shown to synthesize CNTs on numerous substrates, and as the first alkali group metal catalyst demonstrated for CNT growth, holds great promise for expanding the understanding of nanocarbon synthesis.
KW - alkali metals
KW - carbon nanotube
KW - catalysis
KW - chemical vapor deposition
KW - nanostructures
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U2 - 10.1002/anie.201902516
DO - 10.1002/anie.201902516
M3 - Article
C2 - 31132208
AN - SCOPUS:85068759356
VL - 58
SP - 9204
EP - 9209
JO - Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
JF - Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
SN - 1433-7851
IS - 27
ER -