Lead removal from cathode ray tube glass by the action of calcium hydroxide and poly(vinyl chloride)

With the development of flat screen technology, the cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used in TV sets became obsolete, leaving huge amounts of lead-containing CRT glass for disposal. We developed a novel lead volatilization process in which PbCl₂ was generated in the presence of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as a chlorination agent and Ca(OH)₂ as an HCl absorber. PVC was incinerated in air atmosphere and the resulting HCl was captured by Ca(OH)₂ before exiting the reactor with the air flow. CaCl₂ and Ca(OH)₂ reacted with the lead glass forming volatile PbCl₂ and crystalline Ca-silicates. Since the reactivity of lead glass with gaseous HCl is negligible, the presence of Ca(OH)₂ was essential for the success of this method. At a temperature of 1000°C, a molar Cl/Pb ratio of 16, and a molar Ca/Si ratio of about 2, approximately 99.9% of the lead was volatilized, leaving a residue with a lead content of 140 mg kg^-1. The residual calcium silicate, with its low lead level, has the potential to be repurposed for other uses.