TY - JOUR
T1 - Ionic impurity transport and partitioning at the solidliquid interface during growth of lithium niobate under an external electric field by electric current injection
AU - Uda, S.
AU - Tsubota, T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research ( 22656141 ) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. The authors are grateful to Mr. Y. Murakami for his EPMA measurements of our samples.
PY - 2010/12/1
Y1 - 2010/12/1
N2 - Transport of ionic species in the melt and their partitioning at the solidliquid interface during growth of lithium niobate was studied under the influence of intrinsic and external electric fields. A Mn-doped lithium niobate (Mn:LiNbO3) single crystal was grown via the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method with electric current injection at the interface. Mn ions were accumulated or depleted at the interface, depending on the sign of the injected current. The electric current injection induced an interface electric field as well as a Coulomb force between the interface and Mn ions. The electric field modified the transportation of Mn ions and their partitioning into the crystal, while the Coulomb force led to adsorption or rejection of Mn ions at the interface in addition to Mn concentration change due to the electric field. Effect of the Coulomb force was often observed to be larger on Mn concentration at the interface than that of the induced electric field, and dominated the redistribution of Mn in the solid. It has been experimentally and analytically shown that Mn concentration partitioned into the crystal can be obtained by multiplying Mn concentration at the interface by a field-modified partition coefficient, kE0, instead of the conventional equilibrium partition coefficient, k0.
AB - Transport of ionic species in the melt and their partitioning at the solidliquid interface during growth of lithium niobate was studied under the influence of intrinsic and external electric fields. A Mn-doped lithium niobate (Mn:LiNbO3) single crystal was grown via the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method with electric current injection at the interface. Mn ions were accumulated or depleted at the interface, depending on the sign of the injected current. The electric current injection induced an interface electric field as well as a Coulomb force between the interface and Mn ions. The electric field modified the transportation of Mn ions and their partitioning into the crystal, while the Coulomb force led to adsorption or rejection of Mn ions at the interface in addition to Mn concentration change due to the electric field. Effect of the Coulomb force was often observed to be larger on Mn concentration at the interface than that of the induced electric field, and dominated the redistribution of Mn in the solid. It has been experimentally and analytically shown that Mn concentration partitioned into the crystal can be obtained by multiplying Mn concentration at the interface by a field-modified partition coefficient, kE0, instead of the conventional equilibrium partition coefficient, k0.
KW - A1. Coulomb force
KW - A1. Electric field
KW - A1. Seebeck effect
KW - A1. Segregation
KW - A2. Growth from melt
KW - B1. Lithium niobate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=78149284248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=78149284248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.09.052
DO - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.09.052
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:78149284248
SN - 0022-0248
VL - 312
SP - 3650
EP - 3657
JO - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF - Journal of Crystal Growth
IS - 24
ER -