Intraoperative TEE during mitral valve repair: Does it predict early and late postoperative mitral valve dysfunction?

Background. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) using color Doppler flow mapping can accurately measure residual mitral regurgitation (MR), but it is unknown to what extent such measurements correlate with those obtained with postoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods. We used intraoperative TEE (based on direct planimetry of the maximal regurgitant jet area) to measure residual MR in 42 patients who underwent mitral valve reconstruction for MR and compared these measurements with those obtained with early and late postoperative TTE. Results. Residual MR as measured by intraoperative TEE correlated significantly with values obtained with both early (r = 0.66; p < 0.0001) and late (r = 0.71; p < 0.0001) postoperative TTE. Forty patients with no or trivial MR (≤2 cm²) as measured by intraoperative TEE also had no or trivial MR as measured by early (probability of 87.5%) and late (probability of 80.0%) postoperative TEE. Of the 40 patients, 6 had clinically insignificant mild MR (≤4 cm²) when measured by late postoperative TTE. Two other patients in whom intraoperative TEE showed mild MR developed moderate regurgitation about 3 months later. Conclusions. Intraoperative TEE correlates with early and late postoperative TTE in measurement of residual MR, suggesting it can reliably predict early and late postoperative mitral valve dysfunction.