Inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by trichloroethylene

Male Wistar rats (8 animals/group; 180-200 g) were exposed continuously to trichloroethylene (TRI) for 48 or 240 h or methylchloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane: MC for 48 h at 50, 400 and 800 ppm. The inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) was examined in liver, blood and bone marrow of naive and phenobarbital pretreated animals exposed to TRI. A clear cut dose-effect relationship between the exposure concentration or duration of exposure and the inhibition of ALA-D activity was seen for rats exposed to TRI. In addition to this finding, significant interaction between TRI exposure and phenobarbital treatment was observed in the inhibition of ALA-D in liver and blood. MC did not produce inhibition. Trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol failed to inhibit the ALA-D activity in vitro. It seems that a metabolite(s) of TRI other than the above 2 substances may play a role in the inhibition of ALA-D. The inhibition of ALA-D (38% or 48% of the control in liver or in blood, respectively) observed after the 240 h exposure at 400 ppm to TRI was accompanied by the significant elevation of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase (186% of the control) in liver and the increase in excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine (142% of the control). This occurred without an apparent weight loss, liver injury or hematological changes.