TY - JOUR
T1 - Inducing and blocking labeling
AU - Miyagawa, Shigeru
AU - Wu, Danfeng
AU - Koizumi, Masatoshi
N1 - Funding Information:
sions; these include: Elena Anagnostopoulou, �sa Kerem Bayırlı, Noam Chomsky, Hideki Kishimoto, Clairer Halpert, David Pesetsky, Norvin Richards, and Yuta Sakamoto. Thanks also to the three anonymous reviewers for questions and suggestions that allowed us to more clearly, succinctly, and otherwise effectively make the arguments we wanted to make. Koizumi’s portion of the work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19H05589.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Japanese has functional elements with grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic functions. Case markers mark grammatical relations; the q-particle clause-types the sentence as an interrogative; and the topic marker designates a phrase as the topic of the sentence. Along with these functions, we argue that these functional elements have a uniform function of assisting in the labeling of structures. There are two ways in which they do so. In one case, a functional element attaches to an item that cannot otherwise project to induce projection, an idea we base on Richards's Contiguity Theory. In the other case, a functional element attaches to an item that is projectable but requires the projection to be blocked, allowing a sister item to project. The q-particle is an example of a functional element that, when attached to an otherwise unprojectable c, induces the c to project. In contrast, case markers attach to xps, which are inherently projectable, and block them from projecting, allowing the sister element to project, following Saito. The same goes for topic marking. Across languages, many functional elements have this role of assisting in the labeling of structures. The q-particle in Japanese, which allows the c to project, is similar to agreement in Romance, in which the agreement morpheme on t induces the t to project without the need to move an element to the specifier. Case marking, which blocks projection of a xp, is similar to augment vowels in Bantu, and it is no accident that these vowels have a case-like distribution. Finally, we speculate on how case marking and movement, both functioning to allow the sister node to project, have common properties of blocking projection.
AB - Japanese has functional elements with grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic functions. Case markers mark grammatical relations; the q-particle clause-types the sentence as an interrogative; and the topic marker designates a phrase as the topic of the sentence. Along with these functions, we argue that these functional elements have a uniform function of assisting in the labeling of structures. There are two ways in which they do so. In one case, a functional element attaches to an item that cannot otherwise project to induce projection, an idea we base on Richards's Contiguity Theory. In the other case, a functional element attaches to an item that is projectable but requires the projection to be blocked, allowing a sister item to project. The q-particle is an example of a functional element that, when attached to an otherwise unprojectable c, induces the c to project. In contrast, case markers attach to xps, which are inherently projectable, and block them from projecting, allowing the sister element to project, following Saito. The same goes for topic marking. Across languages, many functional elements have this role of assisting in the labeling of structures. The q-particle in Japanese, which allows the c to project, is similar to agreement in Romance, in which the agreement morpheme on t induces the t to project without the need to move an element to the specifier. Case marking, which blocks projection of a xp, is similar to augment vowels in Bantu, and it is no accident that these vowels have a case-like distribution. Finally, we speculate on how case marking and movement, both functioning to allow the sister node to project, have common properties of blocking projection.
KW - Agreement
KW - Case-marker
KW - Differential object marking
KW - Labeling
KW - Problems of projection
KW - Q-particle
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U2 - 10.5334/GJGL.923
DO - 10.5334/GJGL.923
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85088154746
VL - 4
JO - Glossa
JF - Glossa
SN - 2397-1835
IS - 1
M1 - 141
ER -