TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrothermal leaching of ternary and binary lithium-ion battery cathode materials with citric acid and the kinetic study
AU - Zheng, Qingxin
AU - Watanabe, Masaru
AU - Iwatate, Yuta
AU - Azuma, Daiki
AU - Shibazaki, Kensuke
AU - Hiraga, Yuya
AU - Kishita, Atsushi
AU - Nakayasu, Yuta
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-Mirai program [grant number JP18077450 ].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/11/1
Y1 - 2020/11/1
N2 - Metal ions in ternary LIB cathode materials (LiCoO2/LiNiO2/LiMn2O4) were leached into hydrothermal water with citric acid at 60–90 °C. The leaching efficiency increased with temperature and time. Mn ion was completely leached at 60 °C for 5 min, and at 90 °C for 20 min, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, and Co arrived at 81 %, 73 %, and 100 %, respectively. Hydrothermal leaching has a higher rate than the traditional method and avoids the pollutions caused by high-concentration acids and reductants like H2O2. To improve the Ni leaching efficiency, hydrothermal leaching of binary LIB cathode materials (LiCoO2/LiNiO2) with citric acid was performed at 90–120 °C. At above 100 °C for 20 min, the Ni leaching efficiency reached to 90 %. A shrinking unreacted-core model was adopted to predict reaction behavior, and the activated energy for leaching each metal was calculated. Additionally, a reasonable correlation of the rate constants of Co leaching at different pulp densities was attempted.
AB - Metal ions in ternary LIB cathode materials (LiCoO2/LiNiO2/LiMn2O4) were leached into hydrothermal water with citric acid at 60–90 °C. The leaching efficiency increased with temperature and time. Mn ion was completely leached at 60 °C for 5 min, and at 90 °C for 20 min, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, and Co arrived at 81 %, 73 %, and 100 %, respectively. Hydrothermal leaching has a higher rate than the traditional method and avoids the pollutions caused by high-concentration acids and reductants like H2O2. To improve the Ni leaching efficiency, hydrothermal leaching of binary LIB cathode materials (LiCoO2/LiNiO2) with citric acid was performed at 90–120 °C. At above 100 °C for 20 min, the Ni leaching efficiency reached to 90 %. A shrinking unreacted-core model was adopted to predict reaction behavior, and the activated energy for leaching each metal was calculated. Additionally, a reasonable correlation of the rate constants of Co leaching at different pulp densities was attempted.
KW - Citric acid
KW - Hydrothermal leaching
KW - Lithium-ion battery
KW - Metal recovery
KW - Ternary and binary
KW - Unreacted-core model
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U2 - 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104990
DO - 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104990
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85088216472
VL - 165
JO - Journal of Supercritical Fluids
JF - Journal of Supercritical Fluids
SN - 0896-8446
M1 - 104990
ER -