TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrogen and steam injected tandem μ-reactor GC/FID system
T2 - Phenol recovery from bisphenol A and alkylphenols using Ni/Y zeolite
AU - Kumagai, S.
AU - Asakawa, M.
AU - Kameda, T.
AU - Saito, Y.
AU - Watanabe, A.
AU - Watanabe, C.
AU - Teramae, N.
AU - Yoshioka, T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers 17K20057 and 19H04306).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - A tandem μ-reactor-gas chromatograph/flame ionisation detector (TR-GC/FID) system that allows hydrogen and steam injection, called H2/steam-TR-GC/FID, was newly developed to quantitatively evaluate phenol recovery from the pyrolysis of bisphenol A (BPA), isopropyl phenol (iPrP), and isopropenyl phenol (IPP). Ni-Loaded Y-zeolite (Ni/Y) was selected to simultaneously catalyse BPA decomposition into phenol and IPP, IPP hydrogenation to iPrP, and iPrP dealkylation to phenol and propylene. These substrates were evaporated in the 1st μ-reactor, and then converted into phenol using Ni/Y-zeolite under H2/steam flow in the 2nd μ-reactor. The products were directly introduced into GC/FID and quantified using naphthalene as the internal standard. Although the steam injection caused degradation of product peaks, this drawback was overcome by using two-step ice- and cryo-traps. The phenol yield was negligible when the three substrates were pyrolysed alone at 350 °C, but became substantially enhanced by the combination of H2, steam, and Ni/Y, reaching the maximum of 89%, 46%, and 62% from iPrP, IPP, and BPA, respectively. Hence, these results indicate the possibility to obtain phenol-rich products from the pyrolysis of polymeric wastes with BPA macro skeleton. In addition, the developed high-throughput analytical technique can accelerate the development of other gas-solid reaction systems under H2/steam atmosphere.
AB - A tandem μ-reactor-gas chromatograph/flame ionisation detector (TR-GC/FID) system that allows hydrogen and steam injection, called H2/steam-TR-GC/FID, was newly developed to quantitatively evaluate phenol recovery from the pyrolysis of bisphenol A (BPA), isopropyl phenol (iPrP), and isopropenyl phenol (IPP). Ni-Loaded Y-zeolite (Ni/Y) was selected to simultaneously catalyse BPA decomposition into phenol and IPP, IPP hydrogenation to iPrP, and iPrP dealkylation to phenol and propylene. These substrates were evaporated in the 1st μ-reactor, and then converted into phenol using Ni/Y-zeolite under H2/steam flow in the 2nd μ-reactor. The products were directly introduced into GC/FID and quantified using naphthalene as the internal standard. Although the steam injection caused degradation of product peaks, this drawback was overcome by using two-step ice- and cryo-traps. The phenol yield was negligible when the three substrates were pyrolysed alone at 350 °C, but became substantially enhanced by the combination of H2, steam, and Ni/Y, reaching the maximum of 89%, 46%, and 62% from iPrP, IPP, and BPA, respectively. Hence, these results indicate the possibility to obtain phenol-rich products from the pyrolysis of polymeric wastes with BPA macro skeleton. In addition, the developed high-throughput analytical technique can accelerate the development of other gas-solid reaction systems under H2/steam atmosphere.
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U2 - 10.1039/c9re00299e
DO - 10.1039/c9re00299e
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075276673
VL - 4
SP - 2099
EP - 2107
JO - Reaction Chemistry and Engineering
JF - Reaction Chemistry and Engineering
SN - 2058-9883
IS - 12
ER -