TY - JOUR
T1 - Grimm glow discharge X-ray tube
AU - Tsuji, K.
AU - Sato, T.
AU - Wagatsuma, K.
N1 - Funding Information:
Parts of this work were supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A) (09750805) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan. The authors would like to thank Professor W.W. Harrison (Florida University, USA), Professor J.A.C. Broekaert (Universitat Dortmund, Germany), Associate Professor K. Sugiyama (Tohoku University, Japan) and Mr S. Shucart for valuable suggestions. We also thank very much Dr T. Horiuchi (Kyoto University, Japan) and Professor Y. Gohshi (University of Tokyo, Japan) for instructing us on the 'Gas X-Ray Tube'.
PY - 1998/3/30
Y1 - 1998/3/30
N2 - A Grimm glow discharge tube was modified to apply high-voltages of up to 10 kV. For this purpose, the cathode is held by a massive support of PTFE in a new type of glow discharge tube. Consequently, stable high-voltage discharge plasmas were created only in the hollow anode near the cathode under the following discharge conditions: He gas pressures of 10∼100 Pa, and discharge currents of 0.1∼10 mA. Electrons emitted from the cathode surface are accelerated in the cathode fall region. They have high energies corresponding to the applied voltage. X-Rays excited by these high-energy electrons were measured in two different configurations: the end-window transmission mode and the side-window mode. The X-ray transparent thin-film was used as an X-ray window in the end-window transmission mode. The X-ray spectra measured in this mode were very simple because high-energy continuous X-rays were self-absorbed by the thin film itself. However, the X-ray intensities were weak, because a high-discharge current could not be applied in order to protect the thin X-ray window. When using the side-window mode, fast electrons bombarded the target at an incident angle of 45°, and the X-rays emitted from the target surface were observed at the takeoff angle of 45° through a Be window. A higher X-ray emission intensity could be obtained in the case of the side-window by applying higher discharge currents and a cooled target.
AB - A Grimm glow discharge tube was modified to apply high-voltages of up to 10 kV. For this purpose, the cathode is held by a massive support of PTFE in a new type of glow discharge tube. Consequently, stable high-voltage discharge plasmas were created only in the hollow anode near the cathode under the following discharge conditions: He gas pressures of 10∼100 Pa, and discharge currents of 0.1∼10 mA. Electrons emitted from the cathode surface are accelerated in the cathode fall region. They have high energies corresponding to the applied voltage. X-Rays excited by these high-energy electrons were measured in two different configurations: the end-window transmission mode and the side-window mode. The X-ray transparent thin-film was used as an X-ray window in the end-window transmission mode. The X-ray spectra measured in this mode were very simple because high-energy continuous X-rays were self-absorbed by the thin film itself. However, the X-ray intensities were weak, because a high-discharge current could not be applied in order to protect the thin X-ray window. When using the side-window mode, fast electrons bombarded the target at an incident angle of 45°, and the X-rays emitted from the target surface were observed at the takeoff angle of 45° through a Be window. A higher X-ray emission intensity could be obtained in the case of the side-window by applying higher discharge currents and a cooled target.
KW - Glow discharge plasma
KW - Grimm glow discharge
KW - Runaway electron
KW - X-Ray emission source
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U2 - 10.1016/s0584-8547(97)00131-6
DO - 10.1016/s0584-8547(97)00131-6
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0032023552
VL - 53
SP - 417
EP - 426
JO - Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy
JF - Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy
SN - 0584-8547
IS - 3
ER -