TY - JOUR
T1 - Global precipitation map using satellite-borne microwave radiometers by the GSMaP project
T2 - Production and validation
AU - Kubota, Takuji
AU - Shige, Shoichi
AU - Hashizume, Hiroshi
AU - Aonashi, Kazumasa
AU - Takahashi, Nobuhiro
AU - Seto, Shinta
AU - Hirose, Masafumi
AU - Takayabu, Yukari N.
AU - Ushio, Tomoo
AU - Nakagawa, Katsuhiro
AU - Iwanami, Koyuru
AU - Kachi, Misako
AU - Okamoto, Ken'ichi
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received June 1, 2006; revised December 22, 2006. This work was supported by the R&D of Hydrological Modeling and Water Resources System in Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology of the Japan Science and Technology Agency. T. Kubota and H. Hashizume are with the Japan Science and Technology Agency, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan (e-mail: kubota@ieee.org). S. Shige and K. Okamoto are with the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. K. Aonashi is with Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan. N. Takahashi is with Research and Standards Division, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan. S. Seto is with the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan. M. Hirose and M. Kachi are with Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan. Y. N. Takayabu is with the Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8568, Japan. T. Ushio is with the Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. K. Nakagawa is with Okinawa Subtropical Environment Remote-Sensing Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Okinawa 901-0411, Japan. K. Iwanami is with the Storm, Flood, and Landslide Research Department, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TGRS.2007.895337
Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/7
Y1 - 2007/7
N2 - This paper documents the production and validation of retrieved rainfall data obtained from satellite-borne microwave radiometers by the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) Project. Using various attributes of precipitation derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data, the GSMaP has implemented hydrometeor profiles derived from Precipitation Radar (PR), statistical rain/no-rain classification, and scattering algorithms using polarization-corrected temperatures (PCTs) at 85.5 and 37 GHz. Combined scattering-based surface rainfalls are computed depending on rainfall intensities. PCT85 is not used for stronger rainfalls, because strong depressions of PCT85 are related to tall precipitation-top heights. Therefore, for stronger rainfalls, PCT37 is used, with PCT85 used for weaker rainfalls. With the suspiciously strong rainfalls retrieved from PCT85 deleted, the combined rainfalls correspond well to the PR rain rates over land. The GSMaP algorithm for the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) is validated using the TRMM PR, ground radar [Kwajalein (KWAJ) radar and COBRA], and Radar Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) precipitation analysis (RA). Monthly surface rainfalls retrieved from six microwave radiometers (GSMaP_MWR) are compared with the gauge-based dataset. Rain rates retrieved from the TMI (GSMaP_TMI) are in better agreement with the PR estimates over land everywhere except over tropical Africa in the boreal summer. Validation results of the KWAJ radar and COBRA show a good linear relationship for instantaneous rainfall rates, while validation around Japan using the RA shows a good relationship in the warm season. Poor results, connected to weak-precipitation cases, are found in the cold season around Japan.
AB - This paper documents the production and validation of retrieved rainfall data obtained from satellite-borne microwave radiometers by the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) Project. Using various attributes of precipitation derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data, the GSMaP has implemented hydrometeor profiles derived from Precipitation Radar (PR), statistical rain/no-rain classification, and scattering algorithms using polarization-corrected temperatures (PCTs) at 85.5 and 37 GHz. Combined scattering-based surface rainfalls are computed depending on rainfall intensities. PCT85 is not used for stronger rainfalls, because strong depressions of PCT85 are related to tall precipitation-top heights. Therefore, for stronger rainfalls, PCT37 is used, with PCT85 used for weaker rainfalls. With the suspiciously strong rainfalls retrieved from PCT85 deleted, the combined rainfalls correspond well to the PR rain rates over land. The GSMaP algorithm for the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) is validated using the TRMM PR, ground radar [Kwajalein (KWAJ) radar and COBRA], and Radar Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) precipitation analysis (RA). Monthly surface rainfalls retrieved from six microwave radiometers (GSMaP_MWR) are compared with the gauge-based dataset. Rain rates retrieved from the TMI (GSMaP_TMI) are in better agreement with the PR estimates over land everywhere except over tropical Africa in the boreal summer. Validation results of the KWAJ radar and COBRA show a good linear relationship for instantaneous rainfall rates, while validation around Japan using the RA shows a good relationship in the warm season. Poor results, connected to weak-precipitation cases, are found in the cold season around Japan.
KW - Microwave radiometer
KW - Precipitation
KW - Rain-rate retrieval
KW - Validation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34347204028&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.895337
DO - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.895337
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34347204028
VL - 45
SP - 2259
EP - 2275
JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
SN - 0196-2892
IS - 7
ER -