Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase catalyzing the single condensation between isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase was purified 191-fold from bovine brain by Mono Q column chromatography followed by preparative isoelectric focusing electrophoresis and Superose 12 gel filtration. The synthase had a pI value at 6.0, and it was made free of farnesyl diphosphate synthase, the pI of which was 5.1. The partially purified enzyme catalyzed the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate from isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate with the K_m values for isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate being 14 and 0.8μM, respectively. Dimethylallyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate were poor substrates with velocities of only 0.003 and 0.03, respectively, relative to that of farnesyl diphosphate. These results indicate that geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase catalyzes a single condensation between isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate and that farnesyl diphosphate is the common intermediate at the branch point for the synthesis of geranylgeranylated proteins as well as cholesterol, ubiquinone, dolichol, and farnesylated proteins. The enzyme required Mg²⁺ or Mn²⁺ for maximum activity. Octylglucoside showed a stimulatory effect on the enzyme activity.