TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic relatedness of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from bathrooms of healthy volunteers, rivers, and soils in Japan with human clinical isolates from different geographical areas
AU - Arikawa, Kentaro
AU - Ichijo, Tomoaki
AU - Nakajima, Satomi
AU - Nishiuchi, Yukiko
AU - Yano, Hirokazu
AU - Tamaru, Aki
AU - Yoshida, Shiomi
AU - Maruyama, Fumito
AU - Ota, Atsushi
AU - Nasu, Masao
AU - Starkova, Daria A.
AU - Mokrousov, Igor
AU - Narvskaya, Olga V.
AU - Iwamoto, Tomotada
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Japan Society of Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (grant number, 18K10041 to T. Iwamoto, 18K06357 to H. Yano and 17K15490 to T. Ichijo); Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (grant number, 17fk0108116h0401 to F. Maruyama); Institute for Fermentation (grant number G-2017-1-038 to Y. Nishiuchi) and Kurita Water and Environment Foundation (grant number, 15B090 to K. Arikawa).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Japan reportedly has high incidence rate of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (14.7 cases per 100,000 person in 2014). In Japan, the most common etiology is Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH). MAH is a typical inhabitant of the environment, especially bathrooms, which are considered as a potential source of infection. To corroborate this hypothesis, we determined the detection rate of MAH in bathrooms of healthy volunteers by an ordinary culture method and we analyzed the genetic relatedness of these isolates with those from patients and other sources. We collected swabs of bathtub inlets, showerheads, bathroom drains, and shower water from 180 residences throughout Japan. The overall MAH detection rate was 16.1%, but the rate varied among regions: it was high in Kanto (9/34, 26.5%) and Kinki (9/33, 27.3%), but low in Kyushu (0/11, 0%), Tohoku (1/23, 4.3%), and Hokkaido (2/23, 8.7%). MAH was detected primarily in bathtub inlet samples (25 out of 170 residences). Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis was used to examine the genetic relatedness of 57 MAH isolates from bathrooms of the healthy volunteers with human clinical isolates. A minimum spanning tree generated on the basis of the VNTR data indicated that isolates from the bathrooms of the healthy volunteers had a high degree of genetic relatedness with those from Japanese patients, bathrooms of patients, and river water, but not with those from Russian patients and Japanese pigs. These results showed that bathtub inlets in Japan provide an environmental niche for MAH and suggest that bathrooms are one of the important infection sources of MAH in Japan. Understanding country-specific lifestyle habits, such as bathing in Japan, as well as the genetic diversity of MAH, will help in elucidating the sources of this pathogen.
AB - Japan reportedly has high incidence rate of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (14.7 cases per 100,000 person in 2014). In Japan, the most common etiology is Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH). MAH is a typical inhabitant of the environment, especially bathrooms, which are considered as a potential source of infection. To corroborate this hypothesis, we determined the detection rate of MAH in bathrooms of healthy volunteers by an ordinary culture method and we analyzed the genetic relatedness of these isolates with those from patients and other sources. We collected swabs of bathtub inlets, showerheads, bathroom drains, and shower water from 180 residences throughout Japan. The overall MAH detection rate was 16.1%, but the rate varied among regions: it was high in Kanto (9/34, 26.5%) and Kinki (9/33, 27.3%), but low in Kyushu (0/11, 0%), Tohoku (1/23, 4.3%), and Hokkaido (2/23, 8.7%). MAH was detected primarily in bathtub inlet samples (25 out of 170 residences). Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis was used to examine the genetic relatedness of 57 MAH isolates from bathrooms of the healthy volunteers with human clinical isolates. A minimum spanning tree generated on the basis of the VNTR data indicated that isolates from the bathrooms of the healthy volunteers had a high degree of genetic relatedness with those from Japanese patients, bathrooms of patients, and river water, but not with those from Russian patients and Japanese pigs. These results showed that bathtub inlets in Japan provide an environmental niche for MAH and suggest that bathrooms are one of the important infection sources of MAH in Japan. Understanding country-specific lifestyle habits, such as bathing in Japan, as well as the genetic diversity of MAH, will help in elucidating the sources of this pathogen.
KW - Bathroom
KW - Genetic relatedness
KW - Infection source
KW - Mycobacterium avium
KW - VNTR
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85067510170&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103923
DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103923
M3 - Article
C2 - 31207401
AN - SCOPUS:85067510170
VL - 74
JO - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
SN - 1567-1348
M1 - 103923
ER -